Buprenorphine Alters Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Molecular Markers in Arthritis

Figure 1

Effect of buprenorphine administration on CIA-induced morphological changes of the joint. DBA/1 mice were challenged with bovine CII, and buprenorphine was administered immediately after CII immunizations followed by two additional buprenorphine injections every 6 h. (a) Clinical scores monitored daily from day 25 to day 29 after the first CII challenge. Mice were sacrificed on day 29 after the first CII challenge. Paraffin-embedded sagittal sections (5 μm) of hind ankle joints collected on day 29 were stained with (b) H&E to assess cellular infiltration and (c) safranin-O to detect cartilage proteoglycan. Images shown are representative of sections from naïve (), CIA (), and CIA + Bup () mice. Images were processed using a Zeiss imager M2 using the Zen 2011 software. (d) The histology score was determined using a standardized scoring scale as described in the methods. Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunn’s post hoc test was used to determine the significance, and Mann–Whitney U test was used to determine the values between the groups (, ); was considered to be statistically significant; ns: not significant.

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