Impaired Surface Expression of HLA-DR, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 in Ex Vivo-In Vitro Stimulated Monocytes from Severely Injured Trauma Patients

Figure 2

Major trauma leads to reduced IL-1β release from whole blood after LPS stimulation. Whole blood from healthy volunteers (HV, ) or major trauma patients (TP, ) was stimulated with LPS. Supernatants were collected after 24 h for measurements of IL-1β by ELISA. A 10-day time course after admission (emergency department, ED–10) was made. To address unspecific stimulation, corresponding blood samples were incubated as described above without LPS stimulation. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. versus LPS-stimulated HV.