Impaired Surface Expression of HLA-DR, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 in Ex Vivo-In Vitro Stimulated Monocytes from Severely Injured Trauma Patients

Figure 4

Whole blood from healthy volunteers (HV, ) or major trauma patients (TP, ) was analyzed over a 10-day time course after admission (emergency department, ED–10) by flow cytometry. Monocytes were detected using anti-human CD14 in the corresponding sideward and forward scatter. Unstimulated (black symbols) and stimulated (clear symbols) measurements were made. For stimulation (stim), whole blood was incubated with leukocyte activation cocktail for 5 h with subsequent analyzing procedure as in unstimulated samples. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. (a) TLR2 expression in CD14⁺ monocytes, (b) TLR4 expression in CD14⁺ monocytes, (c) TLR9 expression in CD14⁺ monocytes, (d) TLR2 expression in CD14⁺ HLA-DR⁻ monocytes, (e) TLR4 expression in CD14⁺ HLA-DR⁻ monocytes, and (f) TLR9 expression in CD14⁺ HLA-DR⁻ monocytes. versus unstimulated HV; versus stimulated HV; TP versus corresponding TP stim; HV ctrl versus all; versus all; TP stim versus corresponding unstimulated TP and HV stim.