The Histone Modification Code in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases

Table 1

Histone methylation and histone methylation-modifying enzymes.

Histone and; resides	States of methylation			HMTs	HDMs
Lysine	me1	me2	me3
H2BK5	A	—	—	Unknown	Unknown
H3K4	A	A	A	MLL1, MLL2, MLL3, MLL4, ML5, SET1A, SET1B, ASH1L, SET7/9, SMYD3, PRDM9	LSD1, AOF1, FBXL10, JARID1A, JARID1B, JARID1C, JARID1D, JARID2, NO66
H3K9	A	R	R	SUV39H1, SUV39H2, G9A, GLP, SETDB1, SETDB2, PRDM1, PRDM2, PRDM4	LSD1, JMJD1A, JMJD1B, JMJD1C, JMJD2A, JMJD2B, JMJD2C, JMJD2D, PHF8, JHDM1D
H3K27	A	R	R	EZH1, EZH2	UTX, UTY, JMJD3, JHDM1D
H3K36	—	—	A	SETD2, NSD1, NSD2, NSD3, SMYD1, SMYD2, SMYD3, SMYD4, SMYD5	FBXL10, FBXL11, JMJD2A, JMJD2B, JMJD2C, NO66
H3K79	—	—	A or R	DOT1	PHF8
H4K20	A	—	R	PR-Set7, SUV4-20H1, SUV4-20H/2, SET7/9	Unknown
Arginine	me1	me2a	me2s
H3R2	A	A or R	—	me2a: PRMT6	Unknown
H3R8	—	—	R	me2s: PRMT5	Unknown
H3R17	—	A	—	me2a: CARM1	Unknown
H3R26	—	A	—	me2a: CARM1	Unknown
H4R3	—	A	R	me2a: PRMT1, PRMT6, PRMT8; me2s: PRMT5, PRMT7	Unknown

—: function is unknown, A: an active marker, and R: a repressive marker.
me1: monomethylation, me2: dimethylation, me3: trimethylation, me2s: symmetrical dimethylation, and me2a: asymmetrical demethylation.