Short-Term Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Pilot Study
Table 3
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with and without POCD.
Patients with POCD ()
Patients without POCD ()
value
Demographics
Age (median, [IQR]; y)
63 (56.3–65)
44 (30–51)
0.000
Female, n (%)
17 (85)
13 (41.9)
0.032
Weight (median, [IQR]; kg)
64.5 (50–65)
60 (51–68)
0.591
Education (median, [IQR]; y)
12 (12–15)
15 (12–15)
0.426
Medical history (n [%])
Hypertension
12 (60)
5 (16.1)
0.021
Coronary disease
3 (15)
0 (0)
0.142
Diabetes
5 (25)
0 (0)
0.016
Ovarian cancer
12 (60)
5 (16.1)
0.021
Perioperative factors
ASA class I-II, n (%)
17 (85)
31 (100)
0.142
Inhalation anesthesia
Duration (median, [IQR]; min)
390 (307.5–550)
500 (375–650)
0.312
>1.5MAC, n (%)
5 (25)
16 (51.6)
0.158
Surgery
Duration (median, [IQR]; min)
505 (345–597.5)
565 (375–650)
0.557
HIPEC duration (median, [IQR]; min)
60 (60–112.5)
60 (60–90)
0.548
Hypotension (median, [IQR]; frequency)
3 (2–8)
2 (0–4)
0.137
Hyperthermia, n (%)
13 (65)
21 (67.7)
1.000
Transfusion volume (median, [IQR]; mL/h)
646.2 (552–737.5)
640 (553.8–736)
0.872
Urine volume (median, [IQR]; mL/h)
176.8 (152.4–365)
184.6 (103.4–231.6)
0.167
Blood loss (median, [IQR]; mL)
600 (425–1150)
600 (500–800)
0.614
Pain
VAS (median, [IQR]; points)
5 (2.6–6.8)
3 (2–4)
0.125
Arterial blood gas analysis
PH (median, [IQR])
0.800
Baseline
7.45 (7.43–7.49)
7.47 (7.40–7.50)
T1
7.45 (7.41–7.50)
7.44 (7.40–7.50)
T2
7.42 (7.38–7.43)
7.42 (7.38–7.45)
PaCO2 (median, [IQR]; mmHg)
0.197
Baseline
26.70 (24.10–30.78)
29.90 (26.00–33.70)
T1
26.40 (23.55–28.85)
28.20 (25.10–32.90)
T2
30.40 (28.18–31.30)
30.20 (27.50–35.00)
Hb (median, [IQR]; g/dL)
0.292
Baseline
10.65 (9.28–11.90)
11.30 (10.70–12.20)
T1
9.75 (8.78–11.53)
10.80 (10.10–12.00)
T2
9.95 (8.83–12.10)
10.90 (9.70–11.90)
FBS (median, [IQR]; mmol/L)
0.006∗∗
Baseline
4.95 (4.00–6.53)
3.50 (3.00–4.70)
T1
7.00 (5.45–8.20)
5.20 (4.30–6.10)
T2
8.85 (7.68–9.68)
6.20 (4.90–6.60)
Data are presented as mean (IQR) or count (%). The length of inhalation anesthesia was defined as the duration of sevoflurane exposure; patients depend on more than 1.5 MAC sevoflurane inhalation to maintain BIS between 40 and 60 during the operation were classified into “>1.5 MAC;” the length of surgery was defined from the time of initial incision to the time of closure of the skin; hypotension was defined as 30% under basal blood pressure; hyperthermia was defined as patients’ body temperature was higher than 37.5°C during the operation; arterial blood gas analysis was carried out at three time points (T0, before induction of anesthesia; T1, 30 min after the CRS; and T2, 30 min after the HIPEC); and ; variables that were statistically significant differences between the POCD and non-POCD groups included age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, primary causes, and FBS.
