| | Subunit | Distribution | Physiology | Pathophysiology |
| | 1a | Brain [29], spinal cord [117], DRG [3], TG [128], NG [132], cochlear and vestibular neurons [9, 11, 162], retina [8], astrocytes [163], lung epithelial cells [164], vascular smooth muscle cells [165], microglia [84], bone [166], taste receptor cells [167] | Synaptic plasticity [168], learning and memory [168], fear conditioning [169], visual transduction [8], visceral mechanoperception, primary muscle hyperalgesia [143], apoptosis [170], chondroprotection and bone resorption [171] | Pain [88], inflammation [172], migraine [124], epilepsy [46], hepatic fibrosis [173], multiple sclerosis [32], Parkinson [174], Huntington [175], anxiety [176], depression [177], growth and migration of gliomas [178], excitotoxicity [179] |
| | 1b | DRG [3], immune cells [31], taste receptor cells [180], carotid body [181], and cochlear hair cells (stereocilia) [182] | | Pain [118], inflammation [31, 143], cancer [78] |
| | 2a | Brain [117], DRG [3], NG [183], spinal cord [117], retina [8], cochlear and vestibular neurons [9, 11], astrocytes [163], microglia [84], bone [166], lung epithelial cells [164], vascular smooth cells [165], taste receptor cells [167], carotid body [181] | Visual transduction [8], detection of sour taste [184], mechanosensation [185], arterial baroreceptor reflex [186] | Inflammation [84], ischemia [187], migration of gliomas [75] |
| | 2b | Brain [29], spinal cord [188], DRG [3], NG [183], JG [183], cochlear neurons [11], retina [189], and taste receptors [190] | Integrity of retina [8], modulator of ASIC1a, ASIC1b, ASIC2a, and ASIC3 [23] | Inflammation [84], gastrointestinal pain [128] |
| | 3 | DRG [3], TG [128], cochlear and vestibular neurons [9, 11], vagal and glossopharyngeal ganglia [183], brain [29], spinal cord [188], retina [191], taste receptors [167], astrocytes, microglia [84], testis [192], chondrocytes and synoviocytes [115], adipocytes [163], immune cells [31], lung epithelial cells [164], bone [166], cartilage [166], teeth [193], vascular smooth muscle [165], and carotid body [181] | Chemoreception [181], skin mechanosensory [139], auditory and visual processing [191], mechanosensory of the intestinal tract [128] | Pain [85], inflammation [85], epilepsy [47], migraine [122], gastrointestinal pain [128], cardiac pain [63], postoperatory pain [109], secondary mechanical hyperalgesia [142] |
| | 4 | Brain [194], spinal cord [117], pituitary gland [195], immune cells [31], and retina [196] | A possible function is to decrease the amount of functional ASICs in the plasma membrane and as a regulator of pain [197] | Pain [197] |
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