Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in Extracts from Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) Blubber

Table 1

Cytokine responses in LPS-induced THP-1 cells treated with different extracts result in relative % compared to LPS control. compared to LPS control, compared to LPS control and compared to CLO-EtOAc 50 μg/ml, and ^# compared to CLO-BuOH 50 μg/ml. TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; RANTES: regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed, and secreted; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; CWO: cold-pressed whale oil; CLO: cod liver oil; EtOAc: ethyl acetate; BuOH: butyl alcohol.

Extracts	Extract conc. (μg/ml)	IL-6 (% of LPS)	IL-10 (% of LPS)	MCP-1 (% of LPS)	RANTES (% of LPS)	TNF-α (% of LPS)
CWO-1-H2O	50	282 ± 92	212 ± 208	97 ± 17	126 ± 26	136 ± 81
	10	163 ± 40	92 ± 29	125 ± 23	141 ± 8	142 ± 67
	1	120 ± 20	99 ± 115	115 ± 18	128 ± 6	111 ± 38
CWO-1-BuOH	50	117 ± 3	102 ± 29	91 ± 2	110 ± 26	92 ± 37
	10	60 ± 53	ND	68 ± 56	91 ± 73	78 ± 65
	1	95 ± 17	92 ± 21	103 ± 15	116 ± 2	102 ± 39
CWO-1-EtOAc	50	85 ± 9	219 ± 106	58 ± 7	101 ± 27	60 ± 14
	10	90 ± 3	99 ± 35	100 ± 8	115 ± 10	90 ± 30
	1	106 ± 19	115 ± 25	117 ± 23	117 ± 12	104 ± 41
CWO-2-H2O	50	170 ± 49	166 ± 121	100 ± 11	109 ± 22	114 ± 50
	10	96 ± 7	91 ± 22	104 ± 9	127 ± 9	104 ± 22
	1	99 ± 16	95 ± 19	102 ± 13	137 ± 21	102 ± 36
CWO-2-BuOH	50	21 ± 12^#	160 ± 43	37 ± 13	80 ± 25	42 ± 18
	10	71 ± 13	123 ± 35	105 ± 11	126 ± 24	91 ± 33
	1	91 ± 31	ND	108 ± 35	112 ± 32	103 ± 57
CWO-2-EtOAc	50	105 ± 34	272 ± 133	53 ± 11	98 ± 28	101 ± 65
	10	95 ± 17	137 ± 68	96 ± 12	141 ± 45	96 ± 38
	1	106 ± 16	112 ± 19	110 ± 12	135 ± 22	107 ± 42
CLO-H2O	50	141 ± 47	145 ± 99	91 ± 10	99 ± 11	89 ± 36
	10	112 ± 38	ND	99 ± 18	115 ± 25	97 ± 45
	1	121 ± 44	ND	115 ± 24	117 ± 24	101 ± 49
CLO-BuOH	50	121 ± 23	100 ± 21	80 ± 6	104 ± 29	83 ± 37
	10	112 ± 32	ND	104 ± 14	109 ± 8	101 ± 44
	1	108 ± 24	ND	103 ± 24	133 ± 31	110 ± 50
CLO-EtOAc	50	113 ± 18	ND	90 ± 16	105 ± 14	101 ± 49
	10	122 ± 43	ND	111 ± 21	120 ± 12	104 ± 45
	1	101 ± 21	ND	110 ± 29	115 ± 25	100 ± 48
LPS	Ctr	100	100	100	100	100
Cell	Ctr	0	5 ± 4	2 ± 2	3 ± 3	0
DMSO	Ctr	0	5 ± 5	1 ± 1	4 ± 3	0