Elevated Glucose and Interleukin-1β Differentially Affect Retinal Microglial Cell Proliferation

Figure 4

High glucose and IL-1β differently affect cell proliferation retinal neural cell cultures. Rat retinal neural cell cultures were exposed to high glucose for 7 days or IL-1β for 24 h and stained for Ki-67. Representative images and quantification of the number of Ki-67⁺ cells upon high glucose and IL-1β treatment are shown. Scale bar: 50 μm (a). PCNA protein levels were evaluated by Western blotting. Representative Western blots are presented above the graphs, with the respective loading controls (β-actin) (b). To evaluate whether microglial and macroglial cells are proliferating, colocalization of CD11b⁺ or GFAP⁺ cells with Ki-67 was performed. Representative images and quantification of the number of CD11b⁺Ki-67⁺cells or GFAP⁺Ki-67⁺cells upon high glucose and IL-1β treatment are shown. Scale bar: 50 μm (c). Data represent means ± SEM of, at least, 7 independent experiments. , significantly different from control as determined by ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test.

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