|
| Disease/condition | Method and assay | Level in blood | Comments |
|
| Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | ELISA (Bio-Swamp) | Crohn’s disease: 454.17 ± 219.38 (ng/mL); ulcerative
colitis (UC): 203.36 ± 38.21 (ng/mL); healthy
control: 1788.96 ± 209.43 (ng/mL); mild UC:
358.26 ± 103.95 (ng/mL); moderate UC: 157.29 ± 15.89
(ng/mL); severe UC: 116.69 ± 14.48(ng/mL) | Serum IL-35 levels were decreased in IBD patients
and also differed significantly between mild UC
and moderate/severe UC [20] |
|
| Coronary artery diseases (CAD) | ELISA (Westtang Bio-tech,
Shanghai, China) | Stable angina pectoris (SAP): 90.74 ± 34.22 (pg/mL);
unstable angina pectoris (UAP): 72.20 ± 26.63 (pg/mL);
acute myocardial infarction (AMI): 50.21 ± 24.69 (pg/mL);
chest pain syndrome: 115.06 ± 32.27 (pg/mL) | Plasma IL-35 levels were significantly decreased
in the SAP, UAP, and AMI groups compared to
the chest pain syndrome group. Furthermore, IL-35
levels were moderately positively correlated with left
ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in CAD patients [21] |
|
| Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) | ELISA (Cusabio Biotech,
Wuhan, China) | PDAC: 134.53 ± 92.45 (pg/mL); healthy controls:
14.26 ± 6.56 (pg/mL) | PDAC patients had significantly increased level of
circulating IL-35. Regulating the expression of IL-35
might therefore be a new possible target for the
treatment of PDAC [22] |
|
| Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) | ELISA (R&D Systems, Min
neapolis, MN, USA) | NSCLC: 21.37 ± 11.55 (pg/mL); healthy controls:
10.09 ± 5.32(pg/mL) | Circulating IL-35 was significantly increased in
NSCLC patients. IL-35 might therefore be a potential
biomarker for predicting clinical outcome in NSCLC
patients [23] |
|
| Acute pancreatitis | ELISA (BioLegend, San Diego,
CA) | Acute pancreatitis: 5.25 ± 0.37 (ng/mL); healthy controls:
1.93 ± 0.16 (ng/mL); patients with severe attacks:
7.15 ± 0.48 (ng/mL); moderately severe attacks:
5.14 ± 0.49 (ng/mL); mild attacks: 3.69 ± 0.53 (ng/mL) | Increased serum IL-35 levels might relate to the
inflammatory response in patients with acute
pancreatitis. IL-35 might be a potential biomarker
of acute pancreatitis [24] |
|
| Normal pregnancy | ELISA (Westtang Bio-tech,
Shanghai, China) | Normal pregnancies: 333.6 (59.32–1391) (pg/mL);
normal early pregnancy: 386.5 (64.37–1355) (pg/mL);
nonpregnant women: 123.9 (8.763–471.7) (pg/mL);
recurrent spontaneous abortion: 220.4 (4.951–702.0)
(pg/mL) | Serum IL-35 levels increased in normal pregnancy
and decreased in recurrent spontaneous abortion.
IL-35 positively correlated with estrogen and
alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in early pregnancy.
IL-35 might be an active player in the
maintenance of a successful pregnancy [25] |
|
| Systemic sclerosis (SSc) | ELISA (USCN Life Sciences
Inc., Hubei, China) | SSc: 83.9 (45.1–146.1) (pg/mL); healthy controls:
36.2 (17.2–49.4) (pg/mL) | IL-35 was overexpressed in skin, dermal fibroblasts,
and serum of SSc patients. Increased serum IL-35
was associated with early inflammatory stages of
SSc [26] |
|
| Asthma | ELISA (eBioscience Inc.,
CA, USA) | Asthmatics: 55.9 (6.6–419.0) (ng/mL); controls:
2.5 (0.1–16.1) (ng/mL) | Plasma concentrations of IL-35 were positively
correlated with the severity of asthmatic
symptoms [27] |
ELISA (BioLegend, San
Diego, USA) | Asthmatics: 240 ± 120 (pg/mL); controls:
450 ± 190 (pg/mL) | Circulating IL-35 levels were decreased in patients
with asthma. Decreased IL-35 levels increased the
amount of IL-4-producing CD8+ T cells [28] |
|
