Torilin Inhibits Inflammation by Limiting TAK1-Mediated MAP Kinase and NF-κB Activation

Figure 1

Torilin inhibits LPS-induced NO release, PGE2 secretion, and protein as well as mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2 enzymes. RAW 246.7 macrophages were pretreated with torilin or vehicle for 30 min and stimulated with LPS for 18 or 24 h. (a) Cell culture supernatants were analyzed for nitrite release, as a measure of NO production. (b) PGE₂ secretion in culture media was analyzed in torilin treated RAW cells as described in Materials and Methods. After 24 h of stimulation for protein expression (c) and 18 h of stimulation for mRNA expression (d) were depicted, respectively. Again, COX-2 protein (e) and mRNA (f) were determined by western blot and RT-PCR, respectively. GAPDH and β-actin were used as controls for mRNA and protein loading, respectively. Images are representative of 3 or 4 independent experiments. Values in bar graphs are means ± SE of at least 4 independent experiments performed in triplicate. Significance was determined using Student’s t-test versus the control group. , , versus LPS.

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