Torilin Inhibits Inflammation by Limiting TAK1-Mediated MAP Kinase and NF-κB Activation

Figure 3

Effect of torilin on mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with vehicle or torilin (6.25–25 µM) and stimulated with LPS for the indicated periods of time. Total protein was subjected to western blot analyses using total and phospho-anti-RK1/2, , and JNK1/2 antibodies. Torilin suppressed phosphorylation of the three MAPKs (a and b). Cells were further pretreated with vehicle or PD98059 (30 µM), ERK1/2 inhibitor, SB203580 (10 µM), inhibitor, or SP600125 (10 µM), JNK1/2 inhibitor, with torilin and stimulated with 100 ngmL⁻¹ LPS as indicated in (c). Significance was determined using Student’s t-test versus the control group. Images are representative of 3 or 4 independent experiments. Values in bar graphs are means ± SE of at least 4 independent experiments performed in triplicate. , , versus LPS.