All-Trans Retinoic Acid Modulates TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Targeting TNF-α and Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 Expression in Colonic Mucosa during Ulcerative Colitis and Colitis Associated Cancer

Figure 3

TNF-α and NOS2 expression in inflamed colonic mucosa of active UC and CAC patients detected by immunofluorescent staining (IF). TNF-α and NOS2 expression was upregulated in inflamed colonic mucosa (higher inflammation score) of active UC and CAC patients compared with control. Immunofluorescence staining of NOS2 (score 3) and TNF-α (score 3) was more intense in inflamed colonic mucosa of UC patients compared with control (score 0). High score and intensity of NOS2 (score 3) and TNF-α (score 3) were also evaluated in colonic mucosa of CAC patients (UC, ulcerative colitis, ; CAC, colitis associated cancer, ; C, control, ).