All-Trans Retinoic Acid Modulates TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Targeting TNF-α and Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 Expression in Colonic Mucosa during Ulcerative Colitis and Colitis Associated Cancer

Figure 6

mRNA transcripts of TLR4 were quantitated in colonic mucosa of UC and CAC patients. Expression was normalized against β-actin, HPRT, and GAPDH housekeeping gene, and relative expression was represented data as fold differences by the method, where ΔCt = Ct target gene − Ct MG and ΔΔCt = ΔCt inflamed colonic mucosa normal colonic mucosa. Fold changes were calculated using the comparative Ct method. Data represent mean ± standard deviation. Significant difference between patients (UC/CAC) and controls is indicated (). Significant difference between 2 groups of patients (UC/CAC) is indicated () (UC, ulcerative colitis, ; CAC, colitis associated cancer, ; C, control, ).