Potential Biomarkers for NSAID-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease

Table 1

Lipid mediators.

	Mediators and parameters	Biologic sample	Detection method	Baseline		Response after ASA provocation
				Compared to ATA	Reference	Compared to ATA	Reference
	LTE4	Urine	Immunoassay	↑	[25, 28–34]	↑	[25, 28, 30, 31, 34]
			Mass spectrometry	↑	[35, 36]	↑	[36]
		Saliva	Immunoassay	↑	[25]	↑	[27]
		Induced sputum	Immunoassay	↑	[25]
			Mass spectrometry	↑	[26]	↑	[26]
		Blood and urine	Untargeted metabolomic analysis	↑	[37]
COX pathway	PGD2	Induced sputum	Immunoassay	↑	[32]
			Mass spectrometry	↑	[26]
	PGD2 metabolite	Spot urine	Immunoassay			↑	[31, 33]
			Mass spectrometry	↑	[41]	↑	[41]
		Blood	Mass spectrometry	↑	[40]	↑	[40, 42]
	PGE2	Spot urine	Immunoassay	↓	[33]
Others	Sphingolipid metabolite	Blood	Mass spectrometry	↑	[48]	↓	[48]
		Spot urine	Mass spectrometry	↑	[48]

ATA: aspirin-tolerant asthma; LO: lipoxygenase; LT: leukotriene; COX: cyclooxygenase; PG: prostaglandin.