Urinary Levels of IL-1β and GDNF in Preterm Neonates as Potential Biomarkers of Motor Development: A Prospective Study

Table 4

Association between clinical features, plasma levels of inflammatory markers and neurotrophic factors, and motor development results in TIMP.

Variables

Motor development

T0

T1

T2

T3

Lower than; expected; ()

Typical development; ()

Lower than expected; ()

Typical development; ()

Lower than expected; ()

Typical development; ()

Lower than expected; ()

Typical development; ()

IL-12p70

461.8550 (204.2625; 778.7525)

445.9050 (286.1100; 541.9325)

0.860

347.1500 (118.7800; 513.5800)

345.7700 (284.8100; 406.3725)

0.828

444.6450 (304.7025; 732.6200)

414.9150 (299.1000; 513.5800)

0.414

748.7100 (286.9775; 1272.8825)

456.0650 (194.6600; 633.7150)

0.039

TNF

1.8900 (1.8150; 2.0500)

2.0000 (1.9400; 2.3250)

0.014

2.1650 (2.0000; 2.3325)

2.2350 (1.9350; 2.7225)

0.957

2.3100 (2.0500; 2.5225)

2.1650 (2.0000; 2.8375)

0.614

2.1400 (2.0000; 2.2650)

2.0500 (1.8900; 2.2200)

0.169

IL-10

2.2350 (1.7275; 6.4075)

2.8700 (6.3050; 1.8650)

0.568

2.0000 (1.8900; 3.1800)

1.7400 (1.6225; 2.7975)

0.034

1.8900 (1.5500; 2.6950)

1.8650 (1.6400; 3.0075)

0.614

(1.7650; 4.1025)

1.9450 (1.4625; 3.5425)

0.540

IL-6

17.3700 (5.7900; 33.8100)

29.6450 (12.2050; 153.0675)

0.201

14.9600 (8.5025; 33.3300)

14.6750 (8.8650; 34.8750)

0.755

8.3900 (7.2800; 14.8775)

11.8200 (7.4925; 31.0225)

0.377

8.4250 (5.4400; 22.1100)

10.0400 (5.3400; 31.1550)

0.870

IL-1β

4.1900 (3.9900; 5.0825)

4.1850 (3.8175; 4.7150)

0.514

4.1900 (4.0375; 4.2800)

4.0400 (4.0000; 4.2300)

0.141

4.1600 (4.0275; 4.3800)

4.1150 (4.0000; 4.2000)

0.504

4.0900 (3.8475; 4.5925)

4.3400 (4.0675; 5.0250)

0.138

CXCL8/IL-8

49.0300 (14.0350; 172.1125)

17.1300 (12.3500; 160.4250)

0.549

23.1400 (17.0550; 53.2100)

22.5000 (14.7450; 46.9700)

0.828

15.7000 (13.8100; 46.7500)

18.2850 (15.8500; 32.4800)

0.531

13.9900 (11.6300; 146.2375)

18.8100 (12.1975; 39.1325)

0.870

CXCL10/IP-10

93.8950 (50.8550; 134.7700)

73.3200 (42.9325; 109.6675)

0.414

62.5700 (43.1425; 103.3675)

52.2150 (36.8950; 63.2425)

0.165

40.7900 (20.2825; 79.8925)

52.2800 (36.8600; 57.2125)

0.369

59.9800 (38.9750; 123.0900)

46.0900 (21.9350; 109.9275)

0.765

CCL2/MCP-1

141.3000 (48.9550; 348.1200)

138.5350 (40.8100; 265.5500)

0.849

173.6600 (84.9775; 269.8575)

92.0600 (32.5650; 173.9875)

0.103

169.0100 (63.1475; 257.2900)

80.6350 (22.8975; 131.7525)

0.075

229.8450 (50.4000; 516.4825)

156.3050 (56.1325; 409.2650)

0.584

CXCL9/ MIG

12.5300 (9.5500; 17.4075)

10.9300 (7.4425; 21.9300)

0.605

12.1650 (9.0025; 17.7350)

9.5500 (6.5550; 15.1825)

0.301

11.0600 (7.1300; 18.1100)

12.1000 (9.2250; 14.6475)

0.849

11.4100 (6.6400; 68.6350)

13.7250 (5.6100; 18.1100)

0.786

CCL5/RANTES

4189.0300 (3490.1500; 4912.6700)

3108.0400 (2565.0250; 4522.1000)

0.108

3280.4350 (1714.4400; 5047.0700)

3234.7900 (1013.3375; 3994.4200)

0.341

4140.9550 (2707.1900; 4890.3275)

1246.8250 (819.4700; 3959.1275)

0.002

4484.2700 (4254.0700; 4923.7700)

4429.8650 (3055.6900; 4654.5300)

0.173

BDNF

58,67050 (41,87350; 127,22950)

136,90750 (52,52600; 291,69825)

0.044

128,28300 (69,72725; 311,45300)

175,39450 (65,41075; 252,36550)

0.946

97,98350 (48,77400; 198,88925)

211,71850 (117,52025; 400,48775)

0.036

88,00000 (41,60925; 341,58475)

141,65450 (70,52900; 303,92975)

0.145

GDNF

233,97500 (81,72825; 257,72450)

233,97300 (199,83950; 300,28300)

0.216

123,24200 (24,76400; 338,97525)

239,41100 (146,92575; 297,91550)

0.178

130,52900 (101,50500; 166,84500)

217,26600 (151,14075; 271,96400)

0.000

115,9175 (26,9508; 520,3155)

130,4910 (30,9778; 526,7730)

0.634

Median values (quartile 1; quartile 3). Mann–Whitney test. T0: umbilical cord blood; T1: 48 hours; T2: 72 hours; T3: 3 weeks after birth.Bold characters of values refer to statistically significant differences.