Mediators of Inflammation

Research Article

Gender Disparity in the Relationship between Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Metabolic Syndrome Components: The SHDC-CDPC Community-Based Study

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of the participants according to the presence or absence of thyroid nodules stratified by gender.


Parameters	Total subjects ()		Statistic	P	Male ()		Statistic		Female ()		Statistic
Parameters	Thyroid nodules	Nonthyroid nodules	Statistic	P	Thyroid nodules	Nonthyroid nodules	Statistic		Thyroid nodules	Nonthyroid nodules	Statistic

Participants	2201 (32.4)	4597 (67.6)			854 (26.0)	2435 (74.0)			1352 (38.5)	2157 (61.5)

General indices
Age (years)	60.8 (55.1,67.9)	57.9 (51.4,64.9)	11.911	<0.001	61.1 (55.6,67.7)	58.1 (52,65)	8.12	<0.001	60.6 (54.8,68)	57.6 (50.7,64.8)	9.09	<0.001
Smoking, , (%)	470 (22.1)	1342 (30.2)	48.20	<0.001	465 (55.4)	1332 (56.2)	0.170	0.680	5 (0.4)	10 (0.5)	0.17	0.684
Drinking, (%)	226 (10.7)	802 (18.2)	60.32	<0.001	216 (26.3)	785 (33.6)	14.97	<0.001	10 (0.8)	17 (0.8)	0.02	0.883
SBP (mmHg)	136.0 (124.7,149.0)	134.0 (122.7,146.3)	4.43	<0.001	135.3 (123.7,148.3)	134.0 (123.3,146.3)	1.71	0.088	136.7 (125.3,149)	133.7 (122.3,146.3)	4.29	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	77.0 (70.7,83.3)	77.7 (71.0,84.3)	−2.82	0.005	78.0 (71.3,84.3)	79 (72,86)	−2.81	0.005	76.7 (70.3,82.7)	76.3 (70,82.7)	0.257	0.797
Metabolic indices
BMI (kg/m²)	24.2 (22.1,26.5)	24.3 (22.1,26.5)	−0.66	0.512	24.4 (22.4,26.5)	24.6 (22.3,26.6)	−0.42	0.672	24.1 (21.9,26.5)	24 (21.9,26.3)	0.23	0.822
WC (cm)	86 (80,92)	86 (80,93)	−0.58	0.564	88 (82,93)	87 (81,94)	0.93	0.354	84 (78,91)	84 (78,91)	0.66	0.506
WHR	0.9 (0.9,1)	0.9 (0.9,0.9)	−0.51	0.611	0.9 (0.9,1.0)	0.9 (0.9,1.0)	1.29	0.199	0.9 (0.9,0.9)	0.9 (0.8,0.9)	0.78	0.437
TCH (mmol/l)	5.1 (4.5,5.8)	5.1 (4.5,5.7)	1.90	0.057	4.8 (4.3,5.4)	4.9 (4.4,5.5)	−2.15	0.032	5.3 (4.7,5.9)	5.2 (4.7,5.9)	1.57	0.117
TG (mmol/l)	1.4 (1.0,1.9)	1.3 (0.9,2.0)	0.67	0.500	1.4 (1.0,2.0)	1.4 (0.9,2.1)	−0.12	0.902	1.4 (1,1.9)	1.3 (0.9,1.9)	1.64	0.102
HDL-C (mmol/l)	1.5 (1.3,1.8)	1.5 (1.3,1.8)	0.75	0.451	1.4 (1.2,1.6)	1.4 (1.2,1.7)	−2.95	0.003	1.6 (1.4,1.9)	1.6 (1.4,1.9)	0.03	0.973
LDL-C (mmol/l)	2.9 (2.4,3.4)	2.8 (2.4,3.3)	1.65	0.099	2.7 (2.2,3.2)	2.7 (2.3,3.2)	−1.510	0.131	3 (2.5,3.5)	2.9 (2.5,3.5)	1.24	0.215
UA (μmol/l)	306 (256,363)	313 (261,369)	−2.73	0.006	353 (304,404)	350 (302,404)	0.09	0.930	280 (237,329)	273 (235,318)	3.20	0.001
FPG (mmol/l)	5.7 (5.3,6.3)	5.7 (5.3,6.2)	2.48	0.013	5.7 (5.3,6.3)	5.7 (5.3,6.3)	−0.08	0.938	5.7 (5.4,6.3)	5.7 (5.3,6.1)	4.01	<0.001
PPG (mmol/l)	7.6 (6.2,10.0)	7.3 (6.0,9.4)	5.07	<0.001	7.3 (5.9,10.1)	7.2 (5.8,9.6)	1.49	0.135	7.8 (6.5,9.9)	7.3 (6.1,9.2)	4.96	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	5.6 (5.3,6.0)	5.6 (5.3,5.9)	4.76	<0.001	5.6 (5.3,6)	5.6 (5.3,5.9)	2.26	0.024	5.6 (5.4,5.9)	5.6 (5.3,5.8)	4.71	<0.001
FINS (mIU/l)	7.2 (4.9,10.7)	6.8 (4.6,9.9)	4.10	<0.001	6.4 (4.2,9.6)	6.2 (4.1,9.2)	1.21	0.225	7.7 (5.3,11)	7.5 (5.2,10.6)	2.15	0.032
HOMA-IR	1.9 (1.2,2.9)	1.8 (1.1,2.6)	4.73	<0.001	1.7 (1,2.7)	1.7 (1,2.5)	1.65	0.098	2 (1.3,3)	1.9 (1.3,2.8)	3.03	0.002
HOMA-beta	61.6 (42.2,89.1)	59.9 (40.6,85.2)	2.18	0.029	54.3 (34.6,82.6)	53.7 (35.4,79.2)	0.61	0.545	65.5 (47.1,93)	66.7 (47,90.9)	−0.27	0.789
Thyroid indices
FT3 (pmol/l)	4.9 (4.5,5.4)	5.1 (4.7,5.5)	−8.79	<0.001	5.2 (4.7,5.7)	5.3 (4.9,5.7)	−3.70	<0.001	4.8 (4.4,5.2)	4.9 (4.5,5.3)	−4.01	<0.001
FT4 (pmol/l)	15.9 (14.7,17.4)	15.8 (14.5,17.3)	2.29	0.022	16.2 (14.8,18)	16 (14.7,17.5)	2.50	0.013	15.8 (14.5,17.1)	15.6 (14.3,17)	2.58	0.010
TSH (mIU/l)	2.0 (1.5,2.7)	2.1 (1.5,2.8)	−2.24	0.025	1.8 (1.4,2.5)	1.9 (1.4,2.6)	−1.31	0.191	2.1 (1.6,2.8)	2.3 (1.7,3)	−4.38	<0.001
TPOAB (IU/ml)	13.8 (8.7,22.8)	12.5 (8.4,20.1)	4.23	<0.001	14.4 (9,23.5)	12.4 (8.2,19.1)	5.14	<0.001	13.3 (8.4,22.4)	12.7 (8.6,21.5)	0.851	0.395

SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; TCH, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; UA, uric acid; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; PPG, postprandial plasma glucose; HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c; FINS, fasting plasma insulin; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; TPOAB, thyroid peroxidase antibody.