Role of Inflammasomes in Neuroimmune and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review

Figure 1

Inflammasomes and factors involved in the pathogenesis of MS/EAE. NLRP3 inflammasomes convert pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 to IL-1β and IL-18. IL-18 stimulates CD4⁺ T cells to produce IL-17; NLRP3 inflammasomes contribute to T cell chemotactic activity in the CNS; IL-1β induces the differentiation of Th17 cells and promotes them infiltrate into the CNS; IL-1β also induces the production of GM-CSF, which is an important factor in T cell encephalitogenicity. IL-1β: interleukin-1β; IL-18: interleukin-18; IL-17: interleukin-17; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3; ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain; BBB: blood-brain barrier; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.