Role of Inflammasomes in Neuroimmune and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review

Figure 2

Schematic illustration of the role of inflammasomes in Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. NLRP1 induces IL-1β production and caspase 6 activation, which are factors involved in the progress of AD. Aβ activates NLRP3 inflammasomes via the P2X7R receptor or TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway, α-synuclein activates the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) which promotes the assembly of NLRP3 and induces IL-1β synthesis, ROS activates NLRP3 through c-Abl kinase or upregulates CTSB activity, Cdk5 could activate NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1 could cleave α-synuclein into a highly aggregation-prone specie, and NLRP10 attenuates Aβ-induced caspase 1 activation and IL-1β release. PD: Parkinson’s disease; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; TLR2: toll-like receptor 2; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; CTSB: cathepsin B; Cdk5: cyclin-dependent kinase 5; ROS: reactive oxygen species.