Epac1 Restores Normal Insulin Signaling through a Reduction in Inflammatory Cytokines

Figure 3

(a) Western blotting for the ratio of Epac1 to β-actin in REC grown in normal glucose (NG), high glucose (HG), and HG + 10 μM 8-CPT-2-O-Me-cAMP (Epac1 agonist). (b) Western blotting for the ratio of Rap 1 to β-actin. (c, d) Western blotting for the ratio of phosphorylated p38 MAPK and JNK to total P38 or JNK protein. versus NG, versus HG. or 4 for all groups. Data are mean ± SEM.

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