sST2 as a New Biomarker of Chronic Kidney Disease-Induced Cardiac Remodeling: Impact on Risk Prediction
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of all patients, with and without MACE.
Variable
Study population ()
No MACE ()
MACE ()
Age (years)
68.31 [57.62–75.47]
63.35 [49.18–71.69]
71.75 [67.44–79.37]
<0.001
Gender
0.005
Male
139 (64%)
75 (56%)
64 (75%)
Female
79 (36%)
58 (44%)
21 (25%)
Follow-up (years)
3.0 [1.3–6.4]
3.0 [1.3–6.5]
2.8 [1.4-5.8]
0.869
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
37 [23–52]
40 [26–57]
35 [22–44]
0.014
SBP (mmHg)
134 [120–146]
135 [122–146]
130 [120–146]
0.214
DBP (mmHg)
73 [69–80]
75 [70–80]
70 [65–80]
0.051
Echocardiography
LVEF (%)
62 [58–65]
65 [60–67]
60 [54–64]
<0.001
E/A
0.85 [0.70–1.11]
0.87 [0.73–1.12]
0.8 [0.69–1.11]
0.204
LAVI (mL/m2)
11.4 [7.6–14.9]
10.4 [7.0–14.1]
13.3 [9.1–16.3]
0.001
LAD (mm)
34 [30–37]
33 [29–36]
36 [32–39]
<0.001
LVMI (g/m2)
109.9 [85.3–130.5]
106.8 [79.0–125.0]
118.0 [97.2–139.3]
0.004
Biomarkers
NT-proBNP (ng/L)
182.5 [75.0–445.3]
129.0 [61.0–379.0]
287.0 [121.2–623.5]
<0.001
sST2 (ng/mL)
29.5 [22.6–35.1]
28.2 [21.7–34.3]
30.5 [24.3–36.7]
0.100
PINP (ng/mL)
52.2 [38.2–77.5]
51.95 [38.2–77.2]
55.3 [38.4–77.5]
0.522
hs-cTnT (ng/L)
14.3 [7.7–24.9]
11.7 [6.2–19.5]
19.1 [12.4–34.3]
<0.001
CRP (mg/L)
2.2 [1.1–4.7]
1.8 [0.8–3.6]
3.2 [1.6–6.9]
<0.001
Na (mmol/L)
141 [139–142]
141 [139–142]
140 [139–142]
0.829
Hb (g/dL)
13.2 [12.3–14.2]
13.4 [12.2–14.4]
13.0 [12.4–14.0]
0.702
Treatments
Beta-blockers
0.054
No
118 (54.1%)
79 (59.4%)
39 (45.9%)
Yes
100 (45.9%)
54 (40.6%)
46 (54.1%)
ARBs/ACEI
0.274
No
55 (25.2%)
30 (22.6%)
25 (29.4%)
Yes
163 (74.8%)
103 (77.4%)
60 (70.6%)
Statins
0.061
No
120 (55.0%)
80 (60.2%)
40 (47.1%)
Yes
98 (45.0%)
53 (39.8%)
45 (52.9%)
Furosemide
0.001
No
100 (45.9%)
73 (54.9%)
27 (31.8%)
Yes
118 (54.1%)
60 (45.1%)
58 (68.2%)
Data presented as median [1st quartile–3rd quartile] for quantitative variables and proportions for categorical variables. ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, LAD: left atrial diameter, LAVI: left atrial volume index, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, LVMI: left ventricular mass index, MACE: major adverse coronary events, SBP: systolic blood pressure. value was determined by χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests.
