Clinical Study
Plasma Cytokine Levels in Fibromyalgia and Their Response to 15 Weeks of Progressive Resistance Exercise or Relaxation Therapy
Table 1
Background data of women with fibromyalgia (FM) and healthy controls (HC).
| | Variables | FM
| HC
| value |
| | Age (yr) | 51.2 (±9.4) | 48.2 (±11.4) | 0.124 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 28.0 (±5.2) | 24.2 (±3.8) | <0.001 | | Systolic BP (mmHg) | 130.0 (±18.9) | 123.3 (13.0) | 0.001 | | Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 81.6 (±9.1) | 77.8 (±8.8) | 0.002 | | Medication (%) | | Antidepressants (SSRI, SNRI, TCA) | 43.9 | 0 | — | | Anticonvulsants | 4.9 | 0 | — | | Pain duration (yr) | 10.5 (±7.7) | NA | — | | Tender points (n) | 15.7 (±1.9) | NA | — | | VAS global pain (0–100) | 52.0 (34.0) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | | PPT (kPa) | 184.8 (±80.1) | 357.9 (±108.9) | 0.001 | | Hand grip force (N) | 192.3 (±73.8) | 275.0 (±50.8) | <0.001 | | Elbow flexion force (kg) | 12.0 (5.4) | 18.2 (5.2) | <0.001 | | Knee extension force (N) | 315.4 (±110.4) | 411.0 (88.3) | <0.001 | | 6MWT (m) | 551.4 (±71.0) | 656.9 (±60.1) | <0.001 | | PDI (0–70) | 37.0 (17.0) | 7.0 (0.0) | <0.001 | | HADS depression (0–21) | 7.0 (4.0) | 1.0 (3.0) | <0.001 | | HADS anxiety (0–21) | 8.0 (6.0) | 3.0 (4.0) | <0.001 | | PCS (0–52) | 20.0 (17.0) | 5.0 (12.0) | <0.001 | | SF36-PSC (0–100) | 30.3 (9.8) | 56.4 (3.8) | <0.001 | | SF36-MSC (0–100) | 38.5 (19.0) | 57.7 (5.7) | <0.001 | | FIQ (0–100) | 61.1 (24.9) | 3.5 (9.1) | <0.001 | | MFI (0–20) | | General fatigue | 19.0 (4.0) | 7.0 (4.0) | <0.001 | | Physical fatigue | 17.0 (5.0) | 5.0 (5.0) | <0.001 | | Reduced activity | 15.0 (5.0) | 6.0 (4.5) | <0.001 | | Reduced motivation | 10.0 (5.0) | 5.0 (2.5) | <0.001 | | Mental fatigue | 16.0 (5.0) | 7.0 (4.0) | <0.001 |
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Data are presented as mean (±SD) or median (interquartile range). BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; FIQ = fibromyalgia impact questionnaire; HADS = hospital anxiety and depression scale; MFI = multidimensional fatigue inventory; PDI = pain disability index; PPT = pressure pain thresholds (mean of 8 sites); SF36 = Short Form Health Survey 36, physical (PSC) and mental summary components (MSC); SNRI = serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor; SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TAC = tricyclic antidepressant; 6MWT = 6-min walk test; VAS = visual analogue scale. Italic texts denote significant differences ( t-test or Mann–Whitney U test; ). |
