Review Article
Gut Microbiota-Immune System Crosstalk and Pancreatic Disorders
Table 1
Gut microbiota alterations in pancreatic pathologies.
| Bacterium (phylum) | Acute pancreatitis [28] | Chronic pancreatitis [27] | Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) | Type 1 diabetes (T1D) | Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2D) | Pancreatic cancer |
| Increase | Enterococcus spp. (Firmicutes) Enterobacteriaceae | Firmicutes | Helicobacter pylori (Molecular mimicry mechanism) [72ā75] Escherichia coli (Trigger mechanism) [75] | Bacteroides dorei and vulgates (Bacteroidetes) [38, 82] Klebsiella spp. (Enterobacteriaceae) [89] Coxsackievirus A and B, Echovirus, Enterovirus [83] | Lactobacillales, Staphylococcus aureus (Firmicutes) [107] Escherichia coli (Proteobacteria) [107] Tannerella spp. (Bacteroidetes) [112] | Helicobacter pylori (Proteobacteria) [72] Fusobacterium [138] Leptotrichia [142] (Fusobacteria) Veillonella spp. Selenomonas spp. (Firmicutes) [139] Klebsiella spp. Enterobacter spp. (Enterobacteriaceae) [139] Prevotella spp. Hallella spp. (Bacteroidetes) [139] Salivary microbiota: [140, 141] Granulicatella adiacens (Firmicutes) Porphyromonas gingivalis (Bacteroidetes) |
| Decrease | Bacteroidetes Bifidobacterium spp. (Actinobacteria) Lactobacillus spp. Clostridium cluster XI (Firmicutes) | Bacteroidetes Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Firmicutes) Ruminococcus bromii (Firmicutes) | ā | Lactobacillus spp. Clostridium leptum (Firmicutes) [38, 82] Bifidobacterium spp. (Actinobacteria) [91] Prevotella spp. (Bacteroidetes) [89] Akkermansia muciniphila (Verrucomicrobia) [89] | Bacteroides Prevotella (Bacteroidetes) [107] Roseburia intestinalis Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Firmicutes) [107] Bifidobacterium animalis (Actinobacteria) [107] Methanobrevibacter smithii (Methanobacteria) [107] | Bifidobacterium spp. (Actinobacteria) [139] Coprococcus spp. Clostridium cluster IV Blautia spp. Flavinofractor spp. (Firmicutes) [139] Salivary microbiota: [140, 141] Neisseria elongata (Proteobacteria) Streptococcus mitis (Firmicutes) Corynebacterium spp. (Actinobacteria) |
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