Role of Histamine in Modulating the Immune Response and Inflammation

Table 1

Immunological functions mediated by histamine receptors signaling.

Receptor	Expression	Intracellular signaling	Immunological activity
H1R	Endothelial cells, nerve cells, epithelial cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages, DCs, and T and B cells	PLC, PIP2, DAG, IP3, Ca^2+, and PKC	Allergic reactions and inflammation, histamine release, eosinophil and neutrophil chemotaxis, antigen presentation ability, Th1/IFN-γ activity, and recruitment of Th2 cells; decreases humoral immunity and IgE production
H2R	Endothelial cells, nerve, epithelial, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages, DCs, and T cells and B	Adenyl cyclase, cAMP, PKA, CREB, and EPAC	Increases IL-10 production and humoral immunity; decreases cellular immunity; inhibits Th2 cells and cytokines, chemotaxis of eosinophils, and neutrophils; suppresses IL-12p70 of MoDCs
H3R	Histaminergic neurons, monocytes, eosinophils	Inhibitor of adenyl cyclase and cAMP; increases levels of Ca^2+	Control of neurogenic inflammation, increased proinflammatory activity, and antigen presentation capacity
H4R	Eosinophils, DCs, Langerhans cells, neutrophils, T cells, basophils, and mast cells	Inhibitor of adenyl cyclase and cAMP; increases levels of Ca^2+	Affects pDC and mDC functions, Th1/Th2 differentiation, eosinophil and mast cell chemotaxis, IL-6 production, leukotriene B4, and migration of Tγ/δ cells; increases IL-17 secretion by Th17 cells, and regulatory T recruitment; suppresses IL-12p70 of MoDCs