Title Study ID Country Animal model Sex (M/F) Age (d, w, and m) Weight The effect of Davallina orientalis on bone healing-a preliminary report Chow et al., 1982 [20 ] China Mice ? 11-12 w 28-33 g The effects of Lepidium sativum seeds on fracture-induced healing in rabbits Juma Ab, 2007 [21 ] Saudi Arabia New Zealand white rabbits ? 6 m 4-5 kg Influence of homeopathic treatment with comfrey on bone density around titanium implants. A digital subtraction radiography study in rats Sakakura et al., 2007 [22 ] Brazil Wistar rats M 2 m 180–220 g The effects of phytoestrogens on fracture healing: experimental research in New Zealand white rabbits Oztürk et al., 2008 [23 ] Turkey New Zealand white rabbits ? ? Formononetin promotes early fracture healing through stimulating angiogenesis by up-regulating VEGFR-2/Flk-1 in a rat fracture model Huh et al., 2009 [24 ] Korea Sprague-Dawley rats M 2 m 280-300 g Equol but not genistein improves early metaphyseal fracture healing in osteoporotic rats Kolios et al., 2009 [25 ] Germany Sprague-Dawley rats F 3 m ? Bone regeneration potential of a soybean-based filler: experimental study in a rabbit cancellous bone defects Giavaresi et al., 2010 [26 ] Italy New Zealand white rabbits M Adult Absence of positive effect of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa ) on fracture healing in osteopenic rodent model Kolios et al., 2010 [27 ] Germany Sprague-Dawley rats F 3 m ? Bone quality associated with daily intake of coffee: a biochemical, radiographic and histometric study Lacerda et al., 2010 [28 ] Brazil Wistar rats ? ? 250-300 g Piper sarmentosum enhances fracture healing in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats: a radiological studyEstai et al., 2011 [29 ] Malaysia Sprague-Dawley rats F ? 200-250 g A novel quercetin analogue from a medicinal plant promotes peak bone mass achievement and bone healing after injury and exerts an anabolic effect on osteoporotic bone: the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a mediator of osteogenic action Sharan et al., 2011 [30 ] India Sprague-Dawley rats F ? Evaluation of Cameroonian plants towards experimental bone regeneration Ngueguim et al., 2012 [31 ] Cameroon Sprague-Dawley rats F 4 m The bone fracture-healing potential of Ormocarpum cochinchinense , methanolic extract on albino Wistar rats Kumar et al., 2013 [32 ] India Wistar albino rats F 3 m 150-200 g Ethanol extract of Peperomia pellucida (Piperaceae) promotes fracture healing by an anabolic effect on osteoblasts Ngueguim et al., 2013 [33 ] Cameroon Sprague-Dawley rats F 4 m Salvianolic acid B promotes bone formation by increasing activity of alkaline phosphatase in a rat tibia fracture model: a pilot study He and Shen, 2014 [34 ] China Sprague-Dawley rats M 7 w 225 g Chenopodium ambroisioides in the repair of fractures in rabbitsNeto et al., 2015 [35 ] Brazil New Zealand white rabbits M Adult Repair of critical calvarias defects with systemic Epimedium sagittatum extract Burim et al., 2016 [36 ] Brazil Wistar albino rats M ? The effects of Nigella sativa seed extract on bone healing in an experimental model Ezirganli et al., 2016 [37 ] Turkey Wistar albino rats F 3 m 280-310 g Excavating the role of Aloe Vera wrapped mesoporous hydroxyapatite frame ornamentation in newly architecture polyurethane scaffolds for osteogenesis and guided bone regeneration with microbial protection Selvakumar et al., 2016 [38 ] India New Zealand white rabbits M ? 2 kg Root bark of Sambucus williamsii Hance promotes rat femoral fracture healing by the BMP-2/Runx2 signaling pathway Yang et al., 2016 [39 ] China Sprague-Dawley rats M/F 3 m Ulmus davidiana extract improves lumbar vertebral parameters in ovariectomized osteopenic ratsZhuang et al., 2016 [40 ] China Rats F ? 250-270 g Dried and free flowing granules of Spinacia oleracea accelerate bone regeneration and alleviate postmenopausal osteoporosis Adhikary et al., 2017 [41 ] India Sprague-Dawley rats F 3 m 180-200 g Tanshinol alleviates osteoporosis and myopathy in glucocorticoid-treated rats Chen et al., 2017 [42 ] China Sprague-Dawley rats F 4-5 m 250-275 g Aqueous extract of Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK accelerates fracture healing in Wistar rats Florence et al., 2017 [43 ] Cameroon Wistar rats F 3 m 150-200 g Heartwood extract from Dalbergia sissoo promotes fracture healing and its application in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats Karvande et al., 2017 [44 ] India Sprague-Dawley rats F ? Ethanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo promotes rapid regeneration of cortical bone in drill-hole defect model of rat Khedgikar et al., 2017 [45 ] India Sprague-Dawley rats F ? Chenopodium ambrosioides as a bone graft substitute in rabbits radius fractureNeto et al., 2017 [46 ] Brazil New Zealand white rabbits M Adult Guava fruit extract and its triterpene constituents have osteoanabolic effect: stimulation of osteoblast differentiation by activation of mitochondrial respiration via the Wnt/β -catenin signaling Porwal et al., 2017 [47 ] India Sprague-Dawley rats F ? Marantodes pumilum leaves promote repair of osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal Sprague-Dawley ratsGiaze et al., 2018 [48 ] Malaysia Sprague-Dawley rats F 4 m 250-300 g Grape seed extract supplement increases bone callus formation and mechanical strength: an animal study Gurger et al., 2019 [49 ] Turkey Wistar-Albino M 2-3 m Extract and fraction of Cassia occidentalis L. (a synonym of Senna occidentalis ) have osteogenic effect and prevent glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia Pal et al., 2019 [50 ] India Sprague-Dawley rats M 2-3 m
