Mediators of Inflammation

Review Article

Plant Extracts in the Bone Repair Process: A Systematic Review

Table 2

Description of the main characteristics of the treatment in studies demonstrating the action of plant extracts in the bone repair process.
Study IDNumber of animals/groupControl groupTreatment time (d, w, and m)OsteoporosisBone typeInduced defectLesion sizeAnesthesia (pharmaco)Postoperative drugEuthanasia
Chow et al., 1982 [20]10Saline?NoFemurOsteotomy?Ether inhalation??
Juma Ab, 2007 [21]3Routine diet12 wNoFemurDrill machine?Ketamine/xylazine??
Sakakura et al., 2007 [22]24Not receiving treatment28 dNoTibiaRotary drills2 cmKetamine/xylazinePentabiótico?
Oztürk et al., 2008 [23]11?35 dNoTibia??Alfazin/propofol??
Huh et al., 2009 [24]144/12Saline21 dNoFemur????Paraformaldehyde/tiletamine-zolazepam
Kolios et al., 2009 [25]12Phytoestrogen-free35 dYes OVXTibiaOsteotomy?Ketamine/xylazine?Decapitated under deep CO2 anesthesia
Giavaresi et al., 2010 [26]2/18/4Not receiving treatment24 wNoFemurDrill machine6 mm?Enfloroxacin (100 mg) and metamizole chloride (50 mg/kg)General anesthesia (Tanax)
Kolios et al., 2010 [27]12Phytoestrogen-free35 dYes OVXTibiaOsteotomy?Ketamine/xylazine?Decapitated under deep CO2 anesthesia
Lacerda et al., 2010 [28]?Water7, 21, 42 dNoMaxillaIncisor tooth extraction?2,2,2-TribromoethanolPentabioticAnesthetic overdose
Estai et al., 2011 [29]6Saline6 wYes OVXFemurGuillotine?Xylazil/ketamineAntibiotic Baytril and povidone-iodine solution?
Sharan et al., 2011 [30]10Acacia gum in water2 wYes OVXSkullDrill machine0.8 mm diameter???
Ngueguim et al., 2012 [31]6Acacia gum in water12 dNoFemurDrill machine0.8 mm diameter???
Kumar et al., 2013 [32]3Saline0, 7, 14, 21 dNoFemurFracture device?Ketamine/hydrochloride??
Ngueguim et al., 2013 [33]6Acacia gum in water12 dNoFemurDrill machine0.8 mm diameter???
He and Shen, 2014 [34]10Saline12 wNoTibiaCustom-made three-point???High-dose ketamine
Neto et al., 2015 [35]100.9% NaCl10 dNoRadiusOscillating bone saw1 cmKetamine/xylazine?Anesthetic overdose
Burim et al., 2016 [36]20Saline7, 14, 21, 42 dNoCalvariaSteel trephine drill8 mm diameterKetamine/xylazine/hydrochlorideAntibiotic prophylaxis (benzathine benzylpenicillin)CO2 chamber
Ezirganli et al., 2016 [37]16?2, 4 wYes OVXCalvariaTrephine burr5 mm diameterKetamine/xylazine?Barbiturate overdose
Selvakumar et al., 2016 [38]??4 wNoTibiaDrill machine4 mmKetamine/xylazineMeloxicam oral suspension (0.2 mg/kg) and enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg)?
Yang et al., 2016 [39]24Water2, 4, 8 wNoFemurOsteotomy?Chloral hydratePenicillin sodium?
Zhuang et al., 2016 [40]8Methylcellulose14 dNoFemurDrill machine0.8 mm diameterKetamine/xylazine??
Adhikary et al., 2017 [41]10Parathyroid hormone (PTH)14 d?FemurDrill machine0.8 mm diameter???
Chen et al., 2017 [42]24 or 16Water/calcitriol6 wYes GIOPTibia?2 mm holeChloral hydrate?Cardiac puncture
Florence et al., 2017 [43]5Water14 dNoFemurDrill machine???Decapitated under ketamine/valium anesthesia
Karvande et al., 2017 [44]10Acacia gum in water2 wNoFemurDrill machine0.8 mm diameterKetamine/xylazine??
Khedgikar et al., 2017 [45]?Acacia gum in water2 wNoFemurDrill machine0.8 mm diameter???
Neto et al., 2017 [46]12Not receiving treatment10 dNoRadiusOscillating bone saw1 cmKetamine/xylazine?Lethal doses of the anesthetics
Porwal et al., 2017 [47]?Water12 dNoFemurDrill machine0.8 mm diameterKetamine/xylazine??
Giaze et al., 2018 [48]6Estrogen (Premarin®)4 mYesTibiaPulse ultrasound0.5 mmKetamine/xylazineEnrofloxacin (Baytril®) 5 mg/kg and buprenorphine 0.1 mg/kgKetamine-xylazine mixture overdose and cervical dislocation
Gurger et al., 2019 [49]8Standard diet10, 20, and 30 dNoFemurMultidrilling technique0.5cmKetamine/xylazineBuprenorphine (0.05 mg/kg) and cefazolin (30 mg/kg)Sodium pentobarbital (400 mg/kg)
Pal et al., 2019 [50]10Water14 wYes GIOFemurDrill machine0.8 mmKetamine/xylazine?Ketamine/xylazine overdose
d: day; w: week; m: month; OVX: ovariectomized; GIOP: Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Program; GIO: GC-induced osteoporosis; ?: not related.