Mediators of Inflammation

Review Article

Plant Extracts in the Bone Repair Process: A Systematic Review

Table 4

Analysis of methodological bias of the studies demonstrating the action of plant extracts in the bone repair process.
Chow et al., 1982 [20]Juma Ab, 2007 [21]Sakakura et al., 2007 [22]Oztürk et al., 2008 [23]Huh et al., 2009 [24]Kolios et al., 2009 [25]Giavaresi et al., 2010 [26]Kolios et al., 2010 [27]Lacerda et al., 2010 [28]Estai et al., 2011 [29]Sharan et al., 2011 [30]Ngueguim et al., 2012 [31]Kumar et al., 2013 [32]Ngueguim et al., 2013 [33]He and Shen, 2014 [34]Neto et al., 2015 [35]Burim et al., 2016 [36]Ezirganli et al., 2016 [37]Selvakumar et al., 2016 [38]Yang et al., 2016 [39]Zhuang et al., 2016 [40]Adhikary et al., 2017 [41]Chen et al., 2017 [42]Florence et al., 2017 [43]Karvande et al., 2017 [44]Khedgikar et al., 2017 [45]Neto et al., 2017 [46]Porwal et al., 2017 [47]Giaze et al., 2018 [48]Gurger et al., 2019 [49]Pal et al., 2019 [50]
Title                                 
Accurate and concise description of the article contentXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX2993.55%
Abstract                                 
Background summary, research objectives, methods, principal findings, and conclusions XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XX  XX XX XXX2477.42%
Introduction                                 
Sufficient scientific background XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX3096.77%
Explanation of the experimental approach and rationaleXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX31100%
Objectives                                 
Clear primary and second objectivesXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX X XX  XXXX X 2477.42%
Materials and methods                                 
Nature of the ethical review permissions, relevant licenses, and national or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals    X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X2580.64%
Study design                                 
Number of animals per groupXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX X XX 2683.87%
Information on whether the experiment was performed as a blind controlled study  X   XX   X X XX       X X   X1032.26%
Experimental procedures                                 
Treatment descriptionXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX2890.32%
Treatment dosageXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX2993.55%
Treatment duration XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX3096.77%
Time of day of treatment administration                X     X        26.45%
Experimental animals                                 
Information regarding animal speciesXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX31100%
Animals’ strain XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX2993.55%
Animals’ sex  X XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX2787.09%
Animals’ weight rangeXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX3096.77%
Animals’ ageXXX XXXX  XXXXX  XXX XXX    X  1961.29%
Description of genetic modification status (knockout, transgenic, SPF)                               00%
Information related to previous procedures performed on the animals       XXX  X  X X X XXXX  XXX 1445.16%
Housing and husbandry                                 
Housing of experimental animals (facility type, cage or housing type, material, number of cage companions) XX X  XX   X   X       X   X  929.03%
Husbandry conditions (breeding program, light/dark cycle, temperature, water)       XXX  X  XXX  XXXXXX X X 1548.39%
Welfare-related assessments and interventions that were carried out before, during, or after the experiment  X      X  X   XX X  X   X XX 1032.26%
Sample size                                 
Total number of animals used in each experimental group and the number of animals in each experimental groupXXXXXX X XXX  XXXXXXX XXX X XX 2374.19%
Explanation regarding the decision of the number of animals and details of sample size calculation    X                          13.22%
Allocating animals to experimental groups                                 
Full details of how animals were allocated to experimental groups (including randomization or matching)   X     X    XXX    XX  XX    929.03%
Order in which the animals in the different experimental groups were treated and assessed                               00%
Experimental outcomes                                 
Clear experimental outcomes assessedXXXXXXXXX  X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX2890.32%
Statistical methods                                 
Statistical methods used for each analysis XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX2890.32%
Unit of analysis specifications for each dataset  XXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX2787.09%
Methods used to assess whether the data met the assumptions of the statistical approach XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX2890.32%
Results                                 
Baseline data                                 
Description of animals’ health status, for each experimental group, before treatment                               00%
Number analyzed                                 
Number of animals in each group included in each analysis (absolute numbers)XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX2993.55%
Animals or data not included in the analysis (and explanation for the exclusion)    X  X                       26.45%
Outcomes and estimation                                 
Information ()X XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX2890.32%
Adverse events                                 
Information regarding mortality of experimental animals ()    X         X                26.45%
Modifications to the experimental protocols made to reduce adverse events                               00%
Discussion                                 
Interpretation/scientific implications                                 
Interpretation of the results, taking into account the study objectives and hypotheses, current theory, and relevant studiesXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX31100%
Comments on the study limitations (sources of bias, limitations of the animal model, imprecision associated with the results)    XX X  X   X X              619.35%
Generalisability/translation                                 
Comments on how the findings are likely to translate to other species or systems, including relevance to human biology X  XX   X X X  XXX XX  XX X   1445.16%
Funding                                 
List of funding sources and the role of the funder(s) in the study   XXX   XXX XX X    X XXX X   1445.16%
Total results14212522302522252226242518252726312322242226262530242323252420  
X: related; unmarked: not related.