An Update on the Emerging Role of Resistin on the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis

Figure 1

The potential proinflammatory role of resistin in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Resistin possibly binds to the transmembrane Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and activates TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) through the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway, which then activates the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), C/enhancer-binding protein β (EBPβ), and nuclear factor- (NF-) κB signaling pathways, leading to the activation of the transcription of proinflammatory cytokine genes in the cell nucleus. Resistin can also stimulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines through the p38-MAPK and NF-κB pathways by binding to adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) receptors, which activates the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway.