Exploring the Involvement of NLRP3 and IL-1β in Osteoarthritis of the Hand: Results from a Pilot Study

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study populations.

	EHOA ()	NEHOA ()	Control ()	value
Age (years)				0.001^a°
Sex, no. of male/female	3/22	7/22	6/14	0.2606^b
BMI (kg/m^2)				0.0603^a
Radiographic score (K-L grade) no. (%)
I	0 (0)	2 (7)	NA	0.1876^c
II	11 (44)	18 (62)	NA	0.1910^c
III	14 (56)	9 (31)	NA	0.0663^c
Smoker no. (%)	1 (4)	3 (10)	7 (35)	0.0110^b#
Diabetes no. (%)	4 (16)	6 (21)	1 (5)	0.310^b
CV disease no. (%)	2 (8)	3 (10)	0 (0)	0.3496^b
Hypertension no. (%)	12 (48)	12 (41)	0 (0)	0.0012^b##
Autoimmune thyroiditis no. (%)	4 (16)	7 (28)	0 (0)	0.0643^b
HOA+knee/hip OA no. (%)	6 (24)	4 (13)	NA	0.5675^c
Disease duration (months)			NA	0.0175^d
No. of hand joint swellings			NA	0.0966^d
ESR (mm/h)				0.2651^a
CRP (mg/dl)				0.0125^a°°
VAS pain (0-100 mm)			NA	0.0039^e
FIHOA (0-30)			NA	0.0020^e

EHOA: erosive osteoarthritis of the hand; NEHOA: nonerosive osteoarthritis of the hand; NA: not applicable; BMI: body mass index; K-L grade: Kellgren-Lawrence grade; CV: cardiovascular; HOA: osteoarthritis of the hand; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C reactive protein; VAS: visual analogue scale; FIHOA: functional index for hand osteoarthritis. values <0.05 were considered significant. ^aANOVA test for multiple comparison; ^b contingency table method; ^cchi square test; ^dMann-Whitney test; ^eunpaired -test. °EHOA group vs. control group: ; EHOA group vs. NEHOA group: ; NEHOA group vs. control group: ( value was estimated by -test). ^#EHOA group vs. control group: ; EHOA group vs. NEHOA group: ; NEHOA group vs. control group: ( value was estimated by the chi square test). ^##EHOA group vs. control group: ; EHOA group vs. NEHOA group: ; NEHOA group vs. control group: ( value was estimated by the chi square test). °°EHOA group vs. control group: ; EHOA group vs. NEHOA group: ; NEHOA group vs. control group: ( value was estimated by -test).