Angiotensin-(1-7) and Alamandine Promote Anti-inflammatory Response in Macrophages In Vitro and In Vivo

Figure 4

In vitro Ang-(1-7)- and alamandine-induced anti-inflammatory response and cell plasticity in M(LPS+IFN-γ) macrophages. Real-time PCR analysis of YM1, FIZZ1, and MRC1 [M(IL-4) macrophage markers] in M(LPS+IFN-γ) macrophages after treatment with Ang-(1-7) (10^-7 M) (a) or alamandine (10^-7 M) (b), evidencing cell plasticity. (c) Mas receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory response in M(LPS+IFN-γ) macrophages analyzed by real-time PCR for TNF-α, CCL2, and IL-1β before and after treatment with Ang-(1-7) or Ang-(1-7)+A779 (A779; 10^-6 M). (d) MrgD receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory response in M (LPS+IFN-γ) macrophages for TNF-α, CCL2, and IL-1β before and after treatment with alamandine or alamandine+D-Pro⁷ (D-Pro⁷; 10^-6 M). (e) Ang-(1-7) and (f) alamandine concentration-dependent TNF-α mRNA levels in M(LPS+IFN-γ) macrophages. Results were obtained by a -test and nonparametric Mann-Whitney test for comparisons between two groups (a and b) or one-way ANOVA and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test for comparisons among three or more groups (c–f) and are expressed as the of independent experiments. , compared to control and to peptide treatment, respectively; , compared to control and peptide treatment only; , compared to control and peptide treatment only, respectively.

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