Therapeutic Approaches in Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Autophagy in Uremic Cachexia: Role of Aerobic Exercise

Figure 2

Aerobic exercise ameliorated CKD-induced muscle wasting. (a) Representative dystrophy staining images of cross-sectional areas (CSA) of the gastrocnemius muscle (magnification, ×400). (b) CSA distribution of the gastrocnemius muscle fiber. (c) Relative grip strength divided by body mass. (d) Western blot for Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in the Sham group and the CKD group with or without aerobic exercise training. (e) Quantification of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 levels, normalized against those of β-actin. , the Sham group vs. the CKD group. ^#, the CKD+AE group vs. the CKD group. Data represent the ().

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