Cell-Type-Specific Transcription of Innate Immune Regulators in response to HMPV Infection

Figure 1

Infectivity of HMPV in airway epithelial and immune cells and kinetics of HMPV RNA accumulation. (a) Cells were infected with HMPV for 6 h or 24 h. Prior to fixation, the cells were incubated with DAPI. Intracellular staining of HMPV N-protein was performed prior to examination by confocal microscopy. Approximately, 300 cells were analyzed for each time point. Infectivity was calculated as percentage of infected cells relative to total number of cells. Experiments were performed at least two times. Error bars represent approximated error of manual data analysis. (b-e) Cells were infected for the indicated time points with HMPV. Viral N-RNA levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Expression was normalized relative to GAPDH. Data are presented as of 3 (b) or 2 (c-e) independent experiments. (b) A549, (c) NEC, (d) MDM, and (e) MDDC. Statistical analysis (one-sided ANOVA with Dunnett’s test): (#), (##), and (###); comparisons were made between cells at 6 h.p.i. and infected cells at 24/48 h.p.i.

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