Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Protects Intestinal Barrier Function by Inhibiting NF-κB-Mediated Activation of the MLCK-P-MLC Signaling Pathway

Figure 4

Immunofluorescence staining of Caco-2 cell monolayers grown on filters against ZO-1 and Occludin. (a₁, a₂, a₃) In the control group, Caco-2 monolayers were treated with DMEM medium without TNF-α/IFN-γ or EcN^sup. (b₁, b₂, b₃) In the EcN^sup group, Caco-2 monolayers were incubated with EcN^sup for 48 h. (c₁, c₂, c₃) In the TNF-α/IFN-γ group, Caco-2 monolayers were exposed to 10 ng/mL TNF-α and 10 ng/mL IFN-γ for 48 h. (d₁, d₂, d₃) In the EcN^sup+TNF-α/IFN-γ group, Caco-2 monolayers were incubated with 100 ng/mL EcN^sup for 48 h in the presence of 10 ng/mL TNF-α and 10 ng/mL IFN-γ. The medium containing different reagents was changed every 12 h.