Andrographolide Protects against HG-Induced Inflammation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Impairment of Angiogenesis via PI3K/AKT-eNOS Signalling in HUVECs

Figure 4

Andr attenuates HG-induced inflammation, apoptosis, cell migration, and impairment of angiogenesis by PI3K/AKT-eNOS signalling in vitro. HUVECs were stimulated with HG and treated with Andr (50 μM), LY294002 (10 μM), MK-2206 (100 nM), and L-NAME (100 μM) for 24 hours. (a–c) Cell viability, MDA concentration, and LDH leakage in each group (). (d–f) The mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα in HUVECs in each group (). (g, h) TUNEL staining and quantitative analysis of apoptotic cells in each group (). (i, j) Scratch assay and the number of migrated cells in each group (). (k, l) Tube formation and quantitative analysis in each group (). (m, n) The expression of VEGF protein and quantitative analysis in each group (). vs. the control group. ^# vs. the HG group.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(k)

(l)

(m)

(n)