Search for Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers of Prostate Inflammation-Related Disorders: Role of Transglutaminase Isoforms as Potential Candidates

Figure 2

Schematic of the alternative NF-κB activation pathway mediated by TG2. Inflammatory signals induce TG2 activation and interaction with the cytosolic inactive NF-κB complex, composed of the transcriptionally active p50 and p65 subunits and the inhibitory IκBα subunit. TG2 binding to IκBα leads to IκBα polymerization and release from NF-κB complex, followed by degradation of IκBα aggregates via a proteasome-independent pathway. The active p50/p65 heterodimer complex, associated with TG2, translocates to the nucleus where it binds to the NF-κB consensus sequence (GGGRNNYYCC) present in the promoter region of several genes involved in inflammation as well as in tumorigenesis.