Elevation of IL-6 and IL-33 Levels in Serum Associated with Lung Fibrosis and Skeletal Muscle Wasting in a Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury Mouse Model

Figure 7

Increased levels of IL-6 and IL-33 in the serum of mice with BLM-induced lung injury may cause body weight loss through the activation of STAT3 and AMPK signals. Schematic representation of the role of IL-6 and IL-33 in the BLM-induced lung fibrosis mouse model. IL-6 and IL-33 are secreted from inflammatory lung tissue and modulate lung remodeling, including myofibroblast proliferation, ECM deposition, and decreased lung function. In addition, IL-6 and IL-33 synergistically cause body weight loss in mice through the activation of STAT3 and AMPK signaling to induce the expression of proteolysis- and lipolysis-related genes.