Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A Induces Inflammatory Cytokine Expression by Activating IGF-I/PI3K/Akt Pathways

Figure 2

Dose-dependent and time-dependent effects of PAPP-A on MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 productions in the supernatants of RAW264.7 macrophages. (a, c, e) RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with various concentrations of PAPP-A for 24 h, respectively. (b, d, f) Cells were treated with 5 mg/mL BSA for 24 h or with 200 ng/mL PAPP-A for different durations, respectively. MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 concentrations were measured by ELISA assays. All the results are expressed as from three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. vs. baseline and vs. baseline.

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