Research Article

Circulating Inflammatory Markers Are Inversely Associated with Heart Rate Variability Measures in Type 1 Diabetes

Table 2

Regression analyses of cytokines and neurocardiac.

UnadjustedAdjusted 1Adjusted 2Adjusted 3

IL-1αCVT-0.41<0.0010.210.0180.240.0390.240.052
SDNN-0.340.0030.210.0300.240.0260.250.028
SDANN-0.310.0060.200.0410.240.0330.240.035
SDNNi-0.45<0.0010.260.0020.280.0040.280.004
RMSSD-0.43<0.0010.250.0030.280.0040.280.005
VLF-0.370.0010.210.0460.240.0430.240.048
LF-0.44<0.0010.230.0150.250.0170.260.018
HF-0.360.0020.210.0420.240.0400.240.048

IL-4CVT-0.360.0020.150.0280.170.0540.180.100
SDNN-0.300.0060.160.0330.190.0320.190.035
SDANN-0.260.0160.150.0700.180.0660.180.069
SDNNi-0.36<0.0010.200.0050.220.0080.220.009
RMSSD-0.40<0.0010.220.0020.230.0030.230.004
VLF-0.310.0050.180.0240.200.0250.200.030
LF-0.330.0020.200.0070.220.0090.220.010
HF-0.260.0220.150.0890.170.1030.180.129

IL-12p70CVT-0.280.0130.090.0750.110.1280.120.097
SDNN-0.350.0010.150.0060.190.0050.190.006
SDANN-0.300.0060.130.0180.160.0170.170.019
SDNNi-0.44<0.0010.210.0000.230.0000.240.001
RMSSD-0.44<0.0010.210.0000.230.0000.240.001
VLF-0.37<0.0010.170.0030.200.0030.200.003
LF-0.41<0.0010.200.0010.230.0010.230.001
HF-0.330.0030.140.0160.170.0120.180.012

IL-13CVT-0.240.0420.130.2720.140.3580.150.295
SDNN-0.230.0370.140.2140.160.2060.170.193
SDANN-0.180.1200.130.4250.150.4150.160.406
SDNNi-0.310.0050.180.0340.190.0450.200.043
RMSSD-0.330.0020.190.0130.150.0170.220.013
VLF-0.240.0320.150.1320.200.1410.180.132
LF-0.300.0060.190.0160.200.0200.210.019
HF-0.240.0320.160.0930.170.0890.190.070

IL-17ACVT-0.320.0030.130.0400.160.0770.160.109
SDNN-0.240.0220.150.1750.190.1810.190.185
SDANN-0.210.0460.140.2550.180.2560.180.259
SDNNi-0.340.0010.190.0120.220.0220.220.022
RMSSD-0.320.0020.190.0210.210.0330.210.034
VLF-0.280.0090.170.0740.200.0800.200.083
LF-0.300.0050.180.0330.210.0440.210.046
HF-0.200.0690.150.3060.180.3020.180.314

TNF-αCVT-0.280.0130.150.0350.160.0680.180.046
SDNN-0.340.0020.190.0110.230.0110.240.013‡§
SDANN-0.270.0150.160.0490.200.0510.210.060‡§
SDNNi-0.43<0.0010.270.0000.290.0000.310.000
RMSSD-0.47<0.0010.290.0000.310.0000.330.000
VLF-0.350.0010.240.0020.260.0020.280.002
LF-0.37<0.0010.260.0000.280.0010.290.001†‡
HF-0.36<0.0010.230.0030.260.0020.270.003‡§

The table provides rho or and corresponding values from linear regression models. Bold print indicates statistically significant associations. Adjusted 1: adjusted for age and sex. Adjusted 2: adjusted for age, sex, and disease duration. Adjusted 3: adjusted for age, sex, disease duration, and smoking. Significant adjusting factors: age, sex, §disease duration. IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; CVT: cardiac vagal tone; SDNN: standard deviation of all normal RR; SDANN: standard deviation of the averages of RR; SDNNi: mean standard deviation of the averages of RR for each 5-minute interval; RMSSD: root mean square of the successive differences; VLF: very low frequency; LF: low fre-quency; HF: high frequency.