Research Article

Circulating Inflammatory Markers Are Inversely Associated with Heart Rate Variability Measures in Type 1 Diabetes

Table 3

Regression analyses of chemokines, adhesion molecules, and neurocardiac measures.

UnadjustedAdjusted 1Adjusted 2Adjusted 3

CXCL10CVT-0.270.0150.180.0480.210.0670.210.087
SDNN-0.180.1140.200.316†‡0.230.2680.230.267
SDANN-0.150.1870.200.379†‡0.230.3070.230.302
SDNNi-0.290.0080.220.108†‡0.240.1250.250.124
RMSSD-0.150.1720.200.676†‡0.220.7010.220.713
VLF-0.290.0090.220.164†‡0.240.1380.240.142
LF-0.280.0120.200.557†‡0.220.5210.220.523
HF-0.190.0910.200.744†‡0.220.6900.220.717

CCL2CVT-0.290.0070.120.1650.130.2100.140.141
SDNN-0.180.0880.110.3900.110.4030.140.393
SDANN-0.130.2060.110.5870.110.5940.130.602
SDNNi-0.290.0050.140.0720.140.0850.160.085
RMSSD-0.290.0060.140.0690.140.0790.160.061
VLF-0.300.0050.140.0740.140.0790.160.068
LF-0.300.0040.140.0820.140.0910.160.086
HF-0.220.0430.110.3180.120.3240.140.247

CCL3CVT-0.180.0990.040.1960.040.2600.100.534
SDNN-0.050.6490.040.9840.050.9830.100.953
SDANN-0.020.8490.040.8260.050.8460.100.847
SDNNi-0.170.1120.050.2310.070.2980.110.290
RMSSD-0.190.0690.060.1540.070.1850.110.234
VLF-0.130.2270.040.4170.060.4450.100.490
LF-0.170.1080.060.1820.070.2260.110.237
HF-0.160.1280.050.2200.070.2130.110.302

CCL4CVT-0.260.0340.080.0250.080.0290.080.042
SDNN-0.150.2070.030.2770.030.2770.050.311
SDANN-0.140.2210.030.2810.030.2820.050.310
SDNNi-0.200.0950.040.1600.040.1640.060.174
RMSSD-0.080.4850.010.6660.020.6690.030.733
VLF-0.100.3810.020.6180.020.6200.040.720
LF-0.050.6850.010.9100.010.9110.040.877
HF0.050.6820.030.3840.030.3860.060.293

E-selectinCVT-0.200.0720.040.2310.050.3190.070.234
SDNN-0.43<0.0010.20<0.0010.21<0.0010.24<0.001
SDANN-0.44<0.0010.20<0.0010.21<0.0010.25<0.001
SDNNi-0.43<0.0010.21<0.0010.21<0.0010.24<0.001
RMSSD-0.36<0.0010.140.0010.150.0020.190.001
VLF-0.37<0.0010.160.0010.170.0010.200.001
LF-0.36<0.0010.170.0010.170.0010.200.001
HF-0.240.0270.080.0440.090.0430.130.026

P-selectinCVT-0.170.1260.070.2610.080.3130.130.161
SDNN-0.080.4800.060.7120.080.7210.110.813
SDANN-0.060.5930.050.7910.080.7980.110.936
SDNNi-0.140.1940.070.2550.090.3180.120.377
RMSSD-0.120.2660.060.4180.080.4840.120.482
VLF-0.130.2300.070.2740.090.2810.130.304
LF-0.130.2620.070.2320.090.2720.130.306
HF-0.140.2120.060.3030.090.2840.130.272

ICAM-1CVT-0.220.0570.130.2650.130.3020.130.266
SDNN-0.120.3130.120.7290.120.7400.130.786
SDANN-0.070.5460.120.9770.120.9800.130.902
SDNNi-0.170.1340.130.2680.130.3100.140.327
RMSSD-0.240.0310.150.0840.150.1000.160.099
VLF-0.200.0790.140.1490.150.1570.150.158
LF-0.150.1840.130.2180.140.2480.150.258
HF-0.200.0800.140.1410.150.1420.160.139

The table gives rho or and corresponding values from linear regression models. Bold print indicates statistically significant associations. Adjusted 1: adjusted for age and sex. Adjusted 2: adjusted for age, sex, and disease duration. Adjusted 3: adjusted for age, sex, disease duration, and smoking. Significant adjusting factors: age, sex, §disease duration, smoking. CXCL: C-X-C motif chemokine; CCL: C-C motif chemokine ligand; ICAM: intercellular adhesion molecule; CVT: cardiac vagal tone; SDNN: standard deviation of all normal RR; SDANN: standard deviation of the averages of RR; SDNNi: mean standard deviation of the averages of RR for each 5-minute interval; RMSSD: root mean square of the successive differences; VLF: very low frequency; LF: low frequency; HF: high frequency.