Monocytes Undergo Functional Reprogramming to Generate Immunosuppression through HIF-1α Signaling Pathway in the Late Phase of Sepsis

Figure 2

Its cytokine production in the blood serum. (a) In the clinical study, the higher levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, CCL3, and CCL5 except for IL-10 in the early phase of sepsis compared with the late phase of sepsis and the healthy participants, . represented the significant difference; ^##: compared with the healthy participants, the difference was of significance. (b) Ade-HIF-1α injection increased the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, CCL3, and CCL5 except for IL-10 in the late stage of the sepsis rat model. : compared with the normal control group, the difference was of significance; ^#: compared with the sepsis rat model group and the adenovirus control group; ^&: compared with the sepsis rat model group. Besides, data were presented as , and data was repeated in triplicate.

(a) In clinical

(b) In animal study