Associations of Serological Biomarkers of sICAM-1, IL-1β, MIF, and su-PAR with 3-Month Mortality in Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Table 2
Multivariate analysis of variables associated with 3-month mortality in patients with AE-IPF.
Variables
Univariate model
Multivariate model
Hazard ratio
95% CI
value
Hazard ratio
95% CI
value
Age (years)
1.003
0.954-1.054
0.906
Sex, male
1.332
0.499-3.554
0.567
Smoking history
1.528
0.692-3.372
0.294
APACHE II score
1.076
0.982-1.179
0.112
FVC% predicted
0.970
0.905-1.039
0.376
DLCO% predicted
0.974
0.889-1.086
0.578
PaO2/FiO2 ratio
0.996
0.991-1.001
0.084
LDH (U/L)
1.001
1.000-1.001
0.264
WBC (103/μL)
1.091
1.007-1.182
0.032
D-dimer (mg/mL)
1.026
0.990-1.064
0.153
Model 1
IL-1β, continuous
1.078
0.997-1.165
0.060
1.094
1.003-1.194
0.044
2.473
1.107-5.526
0.032
2.538
1.080 -6.012
0.033
MIF, continuous
1.001
1.000-1.001
<0.001
1.001
1.000-1.001
0.01
su-PAR, continuous
1.163
0.990-1.366
0.063
1.151
0.977-1.356
0.093
Model 2
IL-1β, continuous
1.078
0.997-1.165
0.060
1.069
0.974-1.172
0.16
2.473
1.107-5.526
0.032
2.424
0.914-6.432
0.045
MIF, continuous
1.001
1.000-1.001
<0.001
1.0001
1.000-1.001
0.001
su-PAR, continuous
1.163
0.990-1.366
0.063
1.200
0.990-1.456
0.064
A Cox proportional hazards model revealed that higher serum levels of IL-1β (>5 pg/mL) and MIF were independent predictors of the mortality of AE after adjustment for the PaO2/FiO2 ratio, APACHE II score, and WBC in model 1. In addition, when IL-1β was a continuous variable, multivariate model 1 was not statistically significant. Higher serum levels of IL-1β and MIF were independent predictors of the mortality of AE after adjustment for age, sex ratio, and smoking history in model 2. In multiple Cox regression of su-PAR, D-dimer was induced additionally. .
