Role of RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Inflammatory Signalling and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Table 2

Roles of RING-type ligases in IBD patients and animal models of colitis.

RING-type ligase	Role	IBD patients	Animal model of colitis	Reference
RNF186	Controversial	Increase risk of UC and ER stress-induced apoptosis	Attenuate ER stress and maintain intestinal permeability in DSS-induced mouse model of colitis	[84–88]
RNF20	Anti-inflammatory	Decrease in the colonic tissue from UC patients	Protect mice from DSS-induced colitis and maintain intestinal barrier	[33]
RNF40	Proinflammatory	—	Activate NF-κB signalling in DSS-induced mouse model of colitis	[34]
RNF183	Proinflammatory	Increase in the colonic tissue from CD and UC patients correlate with endoscopic index of disease severity	Increase in TNBS-induced mouse model of colitis	[28]
UHRF1	Anti-inflammatory	—	Regulate TNF-α expression in mice with DSS-induced colitis and zebrafish; Modulate the proliferation and differentiation of Treg cells	[89–94]
TRAF2	Anti-inflammatory	Increase in the colonic tissue from CD and UC patients	Modulate colonic microbiota composition, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and immune cell infiltration in mice with DSS-induced colitis	[29, 96, 97]
TRAF3	Anti-inflammatory	Increase in the plasma and colonic tissue from CD and UC patients	Regulate proinflammatory cytokine expression and mitigate inflammatory damage in DSS-induced mouse model of colitis; Inhibit IL-17-mediated proinflammatory pathway in TNBS-induced mouse model of colitis	[29, 95, 98]
TRAF5	Anti-inflammatory	Increase in the plasma and colonic tissue from CD and UC patients	Control proinflammatory cytokine expression and protect mice against experimental colitis	[99–101]