Evaluating the Relationship of GDF-15 with Clinical Characteristics, Cardinal Features, and Survival in Multiple Myeloma

Table 3

Laboratory data of patients at baseline.

Characteristic	MM patients ()
Serum creatinine, μmol/l	89 (76; 104)
eGFR (MDRD), ml/min/1.73m^2	65.4 (49.6; 73.4)
>60 ml/min/1.73m^2, (%)	47 (64)
30-60 ml/min/1.73m^2, (%)	17 (23)
<30 ml/min/1.73m^2, (%)	9 (12)
Hemoglobin, g/dl
Anemia (hemoglobin below lower reference limit), (%)	14 (19)
Serum iron, μmol/l
Serum lactate dehydrogenase, U/l
Lactate dehydrogenase above higher reference limit, (%)	5 (7)
Serum β2-microglobulin, mg/l	2.75 (2.17; 4.20)
Serum albumin, g/l
Serum-free light chains
κ, mg/l	20.1 (13.0; 52.8)
λ, mg/l	19.1 (13.5; 34.3)
Involved serum-free light chains, mg/l	38.3 (17.4; 106.0)
Urine light chains
κ, mg/l	ND (ND; 30.6)
λ, mg/l	ND (ND; 7.6)
Involved urine light chains, mg/l	7.8 (ND; 39.0)
NT-proBNP, pg/ml	74.8 (31.6; 287.2)

Data are shown as median (lower; upper quartile) or unless otherwise specified. eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; MDRD: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; MM: multiple myeloma; ND: nondetectable: NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.