Evaluating the Relationship of GDF-15 with Clinical Characteristics, Cardinal Features, and Survival in Multiple Myeloma
Table 4
Laboratory results in MM patients as compared to control subjects.
Test
MM patients ()
Controls ()
value
GDF-15, pg/ml
1259 (863; 1934)
584 (516; 762)
<0.001
Interleukin 6, pg/ml
2.97 (1.61; 6.00)
0.58 (0.19; 1.13)
<0.001
Hepcidin 25, ng/ml
28.8 (16.5; 44.6)
27.1 (20.0; 37.3)
0.9
Serum cystatin C, ng/ml
866 (689; 1287)
963 (874; 1038)
0.5
Urine cystatin C, ng/ml
56.0 (16.3; 105.5)
46.7 (26.5; 64.3)
0.5
Urine NGAL monomer, ng/ml
12.9 (5.7; 29.1)
8.7 (4.8; 11.0)
0.08
Data are shown as median (lower; upper quartile). GDF-15: growth differentiation factor 15; MM: multiple myeloma; NGAL: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.