High-Fructose Diet Increases Inflammatory Cytokines and Alters Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats

Figure 2

Concentrations of inflammatory cytokines including (a) IL-6, (b) TNF-α, (c) MIP-2, and (d) IL-10 in the serum. Con group, administration of saline solution; Fru-L group, administration of a low dosage of fructose (2.6 g/kg/day); Fru-M group, administration of a moderate dosage of fructose (5.3 g/kg/day); Fru-H group, administration of a high dosage of fructose (10.5 g/kg/day). Data are presented as the (). Values that do not share the same lowercase letter are significantly different ().

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