Distinguishable Immunologic Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Compared with Nondiabetic Individuals

Table 4

Serum levels of immunoglobulins and complements in patients with and without type 2 diabetes.

Variables	Normal range	NDM ()			T2D ()			value
		Median	Increased no. (%)	Decreased no. (%)	Median	Increased no. (%)	Decreased no. (%)
IgG (g/L)	7-16	23.83	2 (6.5%)	1 (3.2%)	25.2	10 (27.8%)	1 (2.8%)	0.547
IgM (g/L)	0.4-2.3	1.03	0 (0.0%)	1 (3.2%)	1.02	2 (5.6%)	0 (0.0%)	0.680
IgA (g/L)	0.7-4.0	2.87	2 (6.5%)	0 (0.0%)	3.13	8 (22.2%)	1 (2.8%)	0.457
IgE (IU/mL)	<100	88.5	5 (16.1%)	0 (0.0%)	163.4	13 (36.1%)	0 (0.0%)
C3 (g/L)	0.9-1.8	1.03	0 (0.0%)	3 (9.7%)	1.01	1 (2.8%)	7 (19.4%)	0.402
C4 (g/L)	0.1-0.4	0.23	4 (12.9%)	1 (3.2%)	0.25	3 (8.3%)	1 (2.8%)	0.839