Research Article
The Predictive Value of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation after Catheter Ablation
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients with and without AF recurrence.
| | Characteristics | Recurrence () | No recurrence () | value |
| | Clinical characters | | | | | Age (years) | | | 0.005 | | Male, (%) | 18 (48.6) | 67 (59.3) | 0.257 | | BMI (kg/m2) | | | 0.489 | | Heart rate (bpm) | | | 0.457 | | AF duration (months) | 24 (5~84) | 13 (3~57) | 0.152 | | Persistent AF, (%) | 23 (62.2) | 39 (34.5) | 0.003 | | Stroke, (%) | 15 (40.5) | 30 (26.5) | 0.107 | | Hypertension, (%) | 26 (70.3) | 68 (60.2) | 0.271 | | Hyperlipemia, (%) | 15 (40.5) | 39 (34.5) | 0.507 | | Diabetes mellitus, (%) | 13 (35.1) | 22 (19.5) | 0.051 | | CHD, (%) | 8 (21.6) | 11 (9.7) | 0.059 | | Smoker, (%) | 6 (16.2) | 13 (11.5) | 0.643 | | CHF, (%) | 5 (13.5) | 5 (4.4) | 0.123 | | CHA2DS2-VASc score | 3 (2~4.5) | 2 (1~3) | 0.004 | | HASBLED score | 1 (1~2) | 1 (0~1) | 0.016 | | Medications | | | | | NOAC, (%) | 26 (70.3) | 107 (94.7) | <0.001 | | Amiodarone, (%) | 26 (70.3) | 91 (80.5) | 0.191 | | β-Blockers, (%) | 15 (40.5) | 51 (45.1) | 0.625 | | ACEI/ARB, (%) | 15 (40.5) | 46 (40.7) | 0.986 | | CCB, (%) | 17 (45.9) | 35 (31.0) | 0.097 | | Laboratory results | | | | | WBC (×109/L) | | | 0.414 | | FBG (mmol/L) | 5.7 (5.1~6.4) | 5.3 (4.8~6.0) | 0.075 | | HbAlc (%) | 6.1 (5.8~6.6) | 6.0 (5.7~6.4) | 0.341 | | Cr (mg/dl) | | | 0.866 | | hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.09 (0.44~3.09) | 0.96 (0.38~2.94) | 0.514 | | NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 885.0 (228.3~1628.0) | 248.0 (94.3~604.9) | <0.001 | | BUN (mmol/L) | | | 0.829 | | eGFR (ml/min) | | | 0.010 | | UA (umol/L) | 345 (295~448) | 346 (286~402) | 0.707 | | Echocardiographic data | | | | | LAD (mm) | | | <0.001 | | LAA (cm2) | | | 0.005 | | LVEDD (mm) | | | 0.752 | | LAP (mmHg) | 11 (9~14) | 10 (9~11) | 0.049 | | LVEF (%) | 68 (64~71) | 70 (67~73) | 0.036 | | RAA (cm2) | 20 (16~23) | 16 (15~19) | <0.001 | | RVD (mm) | 21.2 (20.0~23.7) | 21.0 (19.2~22.5) | 0.428 | | LAAV (m/s) | 0.35 (0.28~0.46) | 0.50 (0.30~0.65) | 0.004 | | Electrophysiological study data | | | | | Ablation time (s) | 2298 (1846~2887) | 2248 (1945~2971) | 0.619 | | Heparin dosage (IU) | 7000 (7000~8000) | 7000 (7000~7000) | 0.386 | | CPVI-only, (%) | 14 (37.8) | 72 (63.7) | 0.006 |
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AF: atrial fibrillation; BMI: body mass index; CHD: coronary heart disease; CHF: chronic heart failure; NOAC: new oral anticoagulants; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB: calcium channel blocker; WBC: white blood cell; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HbAlc: hemoglobin A1c; Cr: creatinine; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reaction protein; NT-proBNP: N-Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; UA: uric acid; LAD: left atrial diameter; LAA: left atrial area; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LAP: left atrial pressure; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; RAA: right atrial area; RVD: right ventricular diameter; LAAV: left atrial appendage flow velocity; CPVI: circumferential pulmonary vein isolation. . |
