High Concentrations of Uric Acid and Angiotensin II Act Additively to Produce Endothelial Injury

Figure 2

Total ROS production and ROS component generation in HUVECs induced by HUA or Ang II. HUVECs were cultured in confocal dishes and treated with 600 μmol/L UA (HUA) or 10^-7 mol/L Ang II (Ang II) for 24 h. Then, cells were stained using ROS probes. (a) Compared to the control group, the HUA, Ang II, and HUA+Ang II groups generated more total intracellular ROS (), and no difference was observed between the HUA+Ang II group and the HUA or Ang II group (). (b) The HUA, Ang II, and HUA+Ang II groups showed remarkably increased H₂O₂ production compared to the control group (), and HUA+Ang II treatment increased H₂O₂ generation compared to individual treatment with HUA or Ang II (^# compared to the HUA group; ^△ compared to the Ang II group). (c) The HUA, Ang II, and HUA+Ang II groups showed remarkably higher O₂^⋅- production than the control group (), and HUA+Ang II treatment increased O₂^⋅- generation compared to individual treatment with HUA or Ang II (^# compared to the HUA group). (d) The ¹O₂ level was increased in the Ang II group () and decreased in the HUA group compared to that in the control group (). The ¹O₂ level was lower in the HUA+Ang II group than that in the Ang II group (^#); (e) the ^⋅OH level was higher in the HUA, Ang II, and HUA+Ang II groups than that in the control group () and was significantly higher in the HUA+Ang II group than that in the HUA and Ang II groups (^# compared to the HUA group; ^△ compared to the Ang II group). (f) The ONOO^- level was higher in the HUA, Ang II, and HUA+Ang II groups than that in the control group () and was significantly higher in the HUA+Ang II group compared to that in the HUA or Ang II group (^# compared to the HUA group; ^△ compared to the Ang II group).