Effects of Urate-Lowering Therapy on Risk of Hyperlipidemia in Gout by a Population-Based Cohort Study and on In Vitro Hepatic Lipogenesis-Related Gene Expression

Table 4

Incidence, crude, and adjusted hazard ratio of hyperlipidemia compared among gout patients with or without antigout treatment and compared between gout patients without antigout treatment and nongout patients.

Variables		Event	PY	Rate^#	Crude HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR^† (95% CI)	Adjusted HR^† (95% CI)
Nongout	177652	24485	1378799	17.8	1	1
Gout without the selected antigout treatment	12617	4279	73332	58.4	3.26 (3.15, 3.36)	3.10 (3.00, 3.20)	1
Gout with antigout treatment
Febuxostat	93	2	860	2.33	0.13 (0.03, 0.53)	0.12 (0.03, 0.47)	0.04 (0.01, 0.17)
Probenecid	226	77	1810	42.6	2.40 (1.92, 3.00)	2.42 (1.93, 3.02)	0.80 (0.64, 1.00)
Sulfinpyrazone	1244	301	9579	31.4	1.77 (1.58, 1.98)	1.74 (1.55, 1.95)	0.57 (0.51, 0.64)
Allopurinol	5885	1459	46659	31.3	1.76 (1.67, 1.86)	1.70 (1.62, 1.80)	0.57 (0.54, 0.61)
Benzbromarone	15352	5193	103671	50.1	2.81 (2.73, 2.89)	2.78 (2.69, 2.86)	0.89 (0.86, 0.93)
Colchicine	8996	2328	57261	40.7	2.27 (2.18, 2.37)	2.29 (2.19, 2.39)	0.72 (0.68, 0.76)
Number of antigout treatments
1	17125	5314	107897	49.3	2.76 (2.67, 2.84)	2.67 (2.59, 2.75)	0.86 (0.82, 0.89)
2	11670	3359	85575	39.3	2.21 (2.13, 2.29)	2.22 (2.14, 2.30)	0.71 (0.68, 0.75)
3	2764	646	24083	26.8	1.52 (1.40, 1.64)	1.53 (1.41, 1.65)	0.51 (0.47, 0.55)
4	234	41	2252	18.2	1.03 (0.76, 1.40)	1.02 (0.75, 1.38)	0.35 (0.25, 0.47)
5	3	0	34	0.00	—	—	—

PY: person-years; Rate^#: incidence rate, per 1,000 person-years; Crude HR: crude hazard ratio; Adjusted HR^†: multivariable analysis including age, sex, and comorbidities of hypertension, stroke, diabetes, COPD, CAD, alcohol-related illness and asthma. ; .