Association of Circulating Omentin-1 with Osteoporosis in a Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Population

Table 1

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the studied population.

	Normal ()	Osteopenia ()	Osteoporosis ()
Male/female	41/11	34/32	14/40^,#	0.0001
Diabetic duration (years)				0.206
Age (years)				0.001
Height (cm)			^,##	0.0001
Weight (kg)			^,#	0.0001
BMI (kg/m^2)				0.124
SBP (mmHg)				0.658
DBP (mmHg)				0.655
TC (mmol/L)				0.390
TG (mmol/L)				0.146
HDL-C (mmol/L)				0.261
LDL-C (mmol/L)				0.687
apoA (g/L)				0.517
apoB (g/L)				0.647
FBG (mmol/L)				0.068
HbA1c (%)				0.130
WBC (/L)				0.939
Neutrophil (/L)				0.898
Lymphocyte (/L)				0.272
NLR				0.623
Hb (g/L)				0.0001
TBIL (μmol/L)				0.037
DBIL (μmol/L)				0.124
IBIL (μmol/L)				0.037
GGT (U/L)				0.038
Albumin (g/L)				0.018
Creatinine (μmol/L)				0.622
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)				0.025
Urinary ACR (mg/g)				0.019
UA (μmol/L)				0.527
Ca (mg/dL)^a				0.978
P (mmol/L)				0.901
ALP (U/L)				0.370
PTH (pg/mL)				0.263
25(OH)D (ng/mL)				0.720
TRACP-5b (mIU/mL)				0.752
ABI			^,#	0.002
VPT (V)				0.699
Omentin-1 (ng/mL)			^,#	0.024
OSTA			^,##	0.0001
Bone metabolism
LS BMD (g/cm^2)			^,##	0.0001
LS score			^,##	0.0001
FN BMD (g/cm^2)			^,##	0.0001
FN score			^,##	0.0001
TH BMD (g/cm^2)			^,##	0.0001
TH score			^,##	0.0001
Prior fragility fractures	0 (0.00%)	0 (0.00%)	7 (12.96%)^,##	0.0001
Macrovascular complications
Hypertension (, %)	33 (63.46%)	40 (60.61%)	39 (72.22%)	0.398
CHD (, %)	2 (3.85%)	6 (9.09%)	6 (11.11%)	0.370
Stroke (, %)	10 (19.23%)	21 (31.82%)	16 (29.63%)	0.284
PAD (, %)	3 (5.77%)	2 (3.03%)	10 (18.52%) ^##	0.008
Microvascular complications
DN (, %)	21 (40.38%)	32 (48.48%)	35 (64.81%)	0.037
DR (, %)	3 (5.77%)	7 (10.61%)	6 (11.11%)	0.575
DPN (, %)	16 (30.77%)	14 (21.21%)	14 (25.93%)	0.499
Hypoglycemic medication
Metformin (, %)	38 (73.08%)	46 (69.70%)	30 (55.56%)	0.124
Sulfonylurea (, %)	29 (55.77%)	28 (42.42%)	18 (33.33%)	0.066
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (, %)	9 (17.31%)	6 (9.09%)	10 (18.52%)	0.276
Insulin (, %)	15 (28.85%)	26 (39.39%)	21 (38.89%)	0.434
Other (, %)	3 (5.77%)	2 (3.03%)	4 (7.41%)	0.553

Data are . SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoA: apolipoprotein A; apoB: apolipoprotein B; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin A1c; WBC: white blood cell; NLR: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; Hb: hemoglobin; TBIL: total bilirubin; DBIL: direct bilirubin; IBIL: indirect bilirubin; GGT: gamma-glutamyltransferase; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; UA: uric acid; Ca: calcium ion; ; P: phosphorus ion; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; PTH: parathyroid hormone; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; TRACP-5b: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b; ABI: ankle-brachial index; OSTA: osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians; LS: lumbar spine; FN: femoral neck; TP: total hip; BMD: bone mineral density; CHD: coronary heart disease; PAD: peripheral arterial disease; DN: diabetic nephropathy; DR: diabetic retinopathy; DPN: diabetic peripheral neuropathy; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus. Versus the normal group: ; . Versus the osteopenia group: ^#; ^##.