Autophagy Contributes to Host Immunity and Protection against Zika Virus Infection via Type I IFN Signaling

Figure 4

ZIKV infection led to increased autophagosome formation in vitro. (a) RAW264.7 cells were infected with ZIKV for 1 hour (). Before infection, the cells were also treated with rapamycin and 3-MA; rapamycin was used at 3 μM (12 h), and 3-MA was used at 3 mM (3 h). After infection, cells were processed and examined by TEM. The areas of 1-4 were expanded, SMV represents phagosome, DMV indicates autophagosome, and we speculate that VP (form the morphology and size) may represent virus particle. . (b) The number of autophagosome and phagosome in each cell was counted, 100 cells in each sample, respectively. Data are representative of three experiments with similar results. (c, d) Western blotting was performed to detect the transition of LC3 upon ZIKV infection in RAW264.7 cells. One-way ANOVA; Tukey’s posthoc test, . (e) RAW264.7 and BV2 were infected with ZIKV for 1 hour (MOI = 10 : 1). Before infection, the cells were also treated with rapamycin or 3-MA as above. (f) The visible LC3-GFP puncta in each cell were counted. Values are from 100 cells/sample. . One-way ANOVA; Tukey’s post hoc test, .

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